Zhang Tuqiao, Lv Kunyuan, Lu Qingxiao, Wang Lili, Liu Xiaowei
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Safety and Distribution Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2021 Jun;104:415-429. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.023. Epub 2020 Dec 30.
Once contaminate the drinking water source, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) will propagate in drinking water systems and pose a serious risk to human health. Therefore, the drinking water treatment processes (DWTPs) are critical to manage the risks posed by ARGs. This study summarizes the prevalence of ARGs in raw water sources and treated drinking water worldwide. In addition, the removal efficiency of ARGs and related mechanisms by different DWTPs are reviewed. Abiotic and biotic factors that affect ARGs elimination are also discussed. The data on presence of ARGs in drinking water help come to the conclusion that ARGs pollution is prevalent and deserves a high priority. Generally, DWTPs indeed achieve ARGs removal, but some biological treatment processes such as biological activated carbon filtration may promote antibiotic resistance due to the enrichment of ARGs in the biofilm. The finding that disinfection and membrane filtration are superior to other DWTPs adds weight to the advice that DWTPs should adopt multiple disinfection barriers, as well as keep sufficient chlorine residuals to inhibit re-growth of ARGs during subsequent distribution. Mechanistically, DWTPs obtain direct and inderect ARGs reduction through DNA damage and interception of host bacterias of ARGs. Thus, escaping of intracellular ARGs to extracellular environment, induced by DWTPs, should be advoided. This review provides the theoretical support for developping efficient reduction technologies of ARGs. Future study should focus on ARGs controlling in terms of transmissibility or persistence through DWTPs due to their biological related nature and ubiquitous presence of biofilm in the treatment unit.
一旦污染了饮用水源，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）就会在饮用水系统中传播，并对人类健康构成严重风险。因此，饮用水处理工艺（DWTPs）对于管理ARGs带来的风险至关重要。本研究总结了全球原水水源和处理后饮用水中ARGs的流行情况。此外，还综述了不同DWTPs对ARGs的去除效率及相关机制。同时讨论了影响ARGs去除的非生物和生物因素。饮用水中ARGs存在的数据有助于得出ARGs污染普遍且值得高度重视的结论。一般来说，DWTPs确实能实现ARGs的去除，但一些生物处理工艺，如生物活性炭过滤，可能会由于生物膜中ARGs的富集而促进抗生素抗性。消毒和膜过滤优于其他DWTPs这一发现进一步支持了DWTPs应采用多重消毒屏障以及保持足够的余氯以抑制后续配水过程中ARGs再生长的建议。从机制上讲，DWTPs通过DNA损伤和拦截ARGs的宿主细菌直接和间接减少ARGs。因此，应避免DWTPs诱导细胞内ARGs逃逸到细胞外环境。本综述为开发高效的ARGs削减技术提供了理论支持。由于其生物学相关性质以及处理单元中生物膜的普遍存在，未来的研究应聚焦于通过DWTPs在ARGs的传播性或持久性方面进行控制。
