Ghordouei Milan Esfandiar, Mahvi Amir Hossein, Nabizadeh Ramin, Alimohammadi Mahmood
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Evid. 2022 Mar 22;11(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s13750-022-00266-y.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) usually enter water sources in different ways, such as via municipal and hospital wastewaters. Because conventional technologies used to treat water inefficient in removing these contaminants (especially antibiotic-resistant genes; ARGs), these contaminants easily enter drinking water distribution networks and pose serious threats to consumers' health. This study's main purpose is to systematically investigate the effect of chlorine disinfection on ARGs in drinking water supply systems. This study could play an important role in elucidating the effect of chlorine disinfection on ARGs.
The systematic review outlining this protocol will be performed according to the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) guidelines. The main question is, "what is the effect of chlorine disinfection on ARGs in drinking water supply systems?" For this purpose, the articles will be considered, in which chlorine's effect on ARGs is investigated. The search includes electronic resources, grey literature, and related websites. Electronic resources include Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Science Direct. After the final search, the obtained articles will be collected in the reference management software (Endnote X8). Upon removing the duplicate articles, the first stage of article screening will be performed based on the title and abstract the articles. In the second stage, the articles obtained from the first screening stage will be screened based on the full text of the articles based on the eligibility criteria. Then, two members of the expert team extract the data. To assess the validity of the articles, bias sources will be determined by an expert team. Biases will be defined according to the criteria designed by Bilotta et al. Finally, a narrative synthesis will be performed for the extracted data; if appropriate data are available, quantitative analysis will also be performed.
抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）通常以不同方式进入水源，例如通过城市和医院废水。由于用于处理水的传统技术在去除这些污染物（尤其是抗生素抗性基因；ARGs）方面效率低下，这些污染物很容易进入饮用水分配网络，并对消费者健康构成严重威胁。本研究的主要目的是系统地研究氯消毒对饮用水供应系统中ARGs的影响。本研究在阐明氯消毒对ARGs的影响方面可能发挥重要作用。
概述本方案的系统评价将根据环境证据协作组织（CEE）的指南进行。主要问题是，“氯消毒对饮用水供应系统中ARGs的影响是什么？”为此，将考虑研究氯对ARGs影响的文章。检索包括电子资源、灰色文献和相关网站。电子资源包括Scopus、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science核心合集和Science Direct。最终检索后，将获得的文章收集到参考管理软件（Endnote X8）中。去除重复文章后，将基于文章的标题和摘要进行文章筛选的第一阶段。在第二阶段，将根据入选标准基于文章的全文对从第一筛选阶段获得的文章进行筛选。然后，由两名专家团队成员提取数据。为评估文章的有效性，将由专家团队确定偏差来源。偏差将根据Bilotta等人设计的标准进行定义。最后，将对提取的数据进行叙述性综合；如果有合适的数据，也将进行定量分析。
