Pîrvu Andreea Silvia, Andrei Ana Marina, Stănciulescu Elena Camelia, Baniță Ileana Monica, Pisoschi Cătălina Gabriela, Jurja Sanda, Ciuluvica Radu
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
Exp Ther Med. 2021 Jul;22(1):670. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10102. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
The recent years has revealed an intense interest in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), particularly in regards to its intermediates, such as nicotinamide and nicotinic acid known as niacin, and also nicotinamide riboside. Besides its participation as a coenzyme in the redox transformations of nutrients during catabolism, NAD is also involved in DNA repair and epigenetic modification of gene expression and also plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis. Clinical and experimental data emphasize the age-dependent decline in NAD levels and its relation with the onset and progression of various age-related diseases. Maintaining optimal levels of NAD has aroused a therapeutic interest in such pathological conditions; NAD being currently regarded as an important target to extend health and lifespan. Based on a systematic exploration of the experimental data and literature surrounding the topic, this paper reviews some of the recent research studies related to the roles of the pyridine nucleotide family focusing on biosynthesis, NAD deficiency-associated diseases, pathobiochemistry related to retinal degeneration and potential therapeutic effects on human vision as well.
近年来，人们对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）的研究兴趣浓厚，尤其是对其中间体，如烟酰胺和被称为烟酸的烟酸以及烟酰胺核糖。除了在分解代谢过程中作为辅酶参与营养物质的氧化还原转化外，NAD还参与DNA修复和基因表达的表观遗传修饰，并且在钙稳态中也起着至关重要的作用。临床和实验数据强调了NAD水平随年龄的下降及其与各种年龄相关疾病的发生和发展的关系。维持最佳的NAD水平已引起对这类病理状况的治疗兴趣；NAD目前被视为延长健康和寿命的重要靶点。基于对围绕该主题的实验数据和文献的系统探索，本文综述了一些与吡啶核苷酸家族作用相关的最新研究，重点关注生物合成、NAD缺乏相关疾病、与视网膜变性相关的病理生物化学以及对人类视力的潜在治疗作用。
