Jia Wenrui, Wang Juan, Sun Bao, Zhou Jiecan, Shi Yamin, Zhou Zheng
Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Apr 27;9:578825. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.578825. eCollection 2021.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has aroused great public health concern worldwide. Currently, COVID-19 epidemic is spreading in many countries and regions around the world. However, the study of SARS-CoV-2 is still in its infancy, and there is no specific therapeutics. Here, we summarize the genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we focus on the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the roles of angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) in cell entry, COVID-19 susceptibility and COVID-19 symptoms, as well as immunopathology such as antibody responses, lymphocyte dysregulation, and cytokine storm. Finally, we introduce the research progress of animal models of COVID-19, aiming at a better understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and providing new ideas for the treatment of this contagious disease.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的一种高度传染性疾病，已引起全球公众的高度关注。目前，COVID-19疫情正在世界许多国家和地区蔓延。然而，对SARS-CoV-2的研究仍处于起步阶段，尚无特异性治疗方法。在此，我们总结了SARS-CoV-2的基因组特征。此外，我们重点关注SARS-CoV-2感染的机制，包括血管紧张素转换酶II（ACE2）在细胞进入中的作用以及COVID-19易感性和COVID-19症状，还有免疫病理学，如抗体反应、淋巴细胞失调和细胞因子风暴。最后，我们介绍了COVID-19动物模型的研究进展，旨在更好地了解COVID-19的发病机制，并为治疗这种传染性疾病提供新思路。
