Okoye Esther Amaka, Bocca Beatrice, Ruggieri Flavia, Ezejiofor Anthonett N, Nwaogazie Ify L, Domingo Jose L, Rovira Joaquim, Frazzoli Chiara, Orisakwe Orish E
African Centre of Excellence for Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Environ Res. 2021 Jul;198:111273. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111273. Epub 2021 May 12.
This study was aimed at determining mainly the concentrations of As and other metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, V and Zn) in samples of feed, soil, plants and foods (fish, chicken, goat and cow meat) grown and consumed in six areas of Niger Delta, Nigeria (Choba, Khana, Trans Amadi, Eleme, Uyo and Yenagoa). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) models were used for identifying groups of variables (i.e., elements) based on the loadings and groups of samples (i.e., plants, soil, fish, meet, feed) according to the scores that contributed most to the environmental pollution in each Nigerian area. In Choba and Khana sites, the results showed a cluster of elements like As, Pb, V and Zn, mostly associated with samples of goat and cow meat, as well as soils, and separated from another cluster of metals composed by Cu and Hg with different origin. In Trans Amadi area, a clustering of As, Cd and V was found associated to different types of meat (chicken, goat, and cow) located in the opposite side of Cu and Hg, which correlated to plants and soil. In Eleme, the strongest loadings were obtained for V and Zn associated with soil and meat (goat and cow) samples and separated from As and Cd. Finally, in Uyo and Yenagoa, dominant elements were As, Cu, Pb and Zn, with proximity to cow and goat liver samples, while Cd and V corresponded to a different pollution pattern. Lead intake trough meat and fish consumption for adults and children were much higher than the tolerable limits set by international organizations. The results of this study should allow a better understanding of the complex phenomenon of metal pollution in the feed-to-food chain and human health in Nigeria, which should help to manage a pollution reduction strategy and give priorities of research and monitoring.
本研究主要旨在测定尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲六个地区（乔巴、哈纳、跨阿马迪、埃勒梅、乌约和耶那戈阿）种植和消费的饲料、土壤、植物及食物（鱼、鸡肉、山羊肉和牛肉）样本中砷及其他金属（镉、铜、汞、铅、钒和锌）的浓度。主成分分析（PCA）模型用于根据负荷识别变量组（即元素），并根据对尼日利亚各地区环境污染贡献最大的得分识别样本组（即植物、土壤、鱼、肉、饲料）。在乔巴和哈纳地区，结果显示砷、铅、钒和锌等元素聚集在一起，主要与山羊肉和牛肉样本以及土壤相关，与另一组来源不同的由铜和汞组成的金属簇分开。在跨阿马迪地区，发现砷、镉和钒聚集在一起，与位于铜和汞对面的不同类型肉类（鸡肉、山羊肉和牛肉）相关，铜和汞与植物和土壤相关。在埃勒梅，与土壤和肉类（山羊肉和牛肉）样本相关的钒和锌获得了最强负荷，并与砷和镉分开。最后，在乌约和耶那戈阿，主要元素是砷、铜、铅和锌，与牛和山羊肝脏样本接近，而镉和钒则呈现不同的污染模式。成人和儿童通过食用肉类和鱼类摄入的铅远高于国际组织设定的耐受限值。本研究结果应有助于更好地理解尼日利亚饲料到食物链中的金属污染复杂现象以及对人类健康的影响，这有助于管理污染减少策略并确定研究和监测的重点。
