Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China.
Biomaterials. 2021 Jul;274:120873. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120873. Epub 2021 May 5.
Exosomes and their internal components have been proven to play critical roles in cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulations, showing promising prospects in both biomedical and clinical fields. Although conventional methods have so far been utilized to great effect, accurate bioanalysis remains a major challenge. In recent years, the fast-paced development of nanomaterials with unique physiochemical properties has led to a boom in the potential bioapplications of such materials. In particular, the application of nanomaterials in exosome bioanalysis provides a great opportunity to overcome the current challenges and limitations of conventional methods. A timely review of the research progress in this field is thus of great significance to the continued development of new methods. This review outlines the properties and potential uses of exosomes, and discusses the conventional methods currently used for their analysis. We then focus on exploring the current state of the art regarding the use of nanomaterials for the isolation, detection and even the subsequent profiling of exosomes. The main methods are based on principles including fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, electrochemistry, and surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, research on exosome-based nanomaterials tumor therapy is also promising from a clinical perspective, so the research progress in this branch is also summarized. Finally, we look at ways in which the field might develop in the future.
外泌体及其内部成分已被证明在细胞间相互作用和内在细胞调节中发挥关键作用，在生物医学和临床领域显示出广阔的前景。尽管传统方法迄今为止已得到了很好的应用，但准确的生物分析仍然是一个主要挑战。近年来，具有独特物理化学性质的纳米材料的快速发展，使得这些材料的潜在生物应用蓬勃发展。特别是，纳米材料在外泌体生物分析中的应用为克服传统方法的当前挑战和局限性提供了绝佳机会。因此，及时审查该领域的研究进展对于新方法的持续发展具有重要意义。本综述概述了外泌体的特性和潜在用途，并讨论了目前用于分析外泌体的常规方法。然后，我们专注于探讨纳米材料在分离、检测甚至随后对外泌体进行分析的最新进展。主要方法基于荧光、表面增强拉曼光谱、比色法、电化学和表面等离子体共振等原理。此外，基于外泌体的纳米材料肿瘤治疗的研究也具有临床前景，因此，该分支的研究进展也进行了总结。最后，我们探讨了该领域未来的发展方向。
