Department of Psychology and Communication, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, 78041, USA.
Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Appetite. 2021 Oct 1;165:105292. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105292. Epub 2021 May 12.
Unhealthful foods are convenient, ubiquitous, and inexpensive. Overconsumption of unhealthful foods can result in disease states such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In addition to the physiological consequences of unhealthful foods, research in rats has shown that diets high in processed fat and sugar induce impulsive choice behavior. Research in humans has demonstrated a link between metabolic health and impulsive choice, but most investigations have not included diet. We investigated how dietary fat intake interacts with body fat percentage, fasting glucose, insulin response, and systemic inflammation levels to predict impulsive choices in humans. Participants were split into either Control (<35% calories from fat) or High-Fat (≥40% calories from fat) groups based on self-reported dietary intake, completed an impulsive choice task, and underwent testing to determine their body fat, glucose, insulin response, and inflammation levels. High-fat diets were not predictive of impulsive choices, but added sugar was predictive. Body fat percentage was associated with impulsive choices only in the group who reported consuming high-fat diets. In addition, fasting glucose was associated with impulsive choices in the control group. Therefore, metabolic health and dietary fat intake interacted to predict impulsive choices. These findings indicate that knowledge of dietary patterns coupled with metabolic health markers may help us better understand impulsive choices, thereby improving our ability to target individuals who could benefit from interventions to reduce impulsive choice behavior, with the goal of promoting more self-controlled food choices.
不健康的食物方便、无处不在且价格低廉。过度摄入不健康的食物会导致肥胖和 2 型糖尿病等疾病状态。除了不健康食物的生理后果外，对老鼠的研究还表明，高脂肪和高糖的饮食会导致冲动选择行为。人类研究表明代谢健康与冲动选择之间存在联系，但大多数调查都没有包括饮食。我们研究了膳食脂肪摄入量如何与体脂肪百分比、空腹血糖、胰岛素反应和全身炎症水平相互作用，以预测人类的冲动选择。参与者根据自我报告的饮食摄入量分为控制组（<35%的卡路里来自脂肪）或高脂肪组（≥40%的卡路里来自脂肪），完成冲动选择任务，并进行测试以确定他们的体脂肪、血糖、胰岛素反应和炎症水平。高脂肪饮食不能预测冲动选择，但添加糖可以预测。只有报告摄入高脂肪饮食的组中，体脂肪百分比与冲动选择有关。此外，空腹血糖与对照组的冲动选择有关。因此，代谢健康和膳食脂肪摄入量相互作用以预测冲动选择。这些发现表明，了解饮食模式和代谢健康标志物可能有助于我们更好地理解冲动选择，从而提高我们针对那些可能受益于干预措施以减少冲动选择行为的个体的能力，目标是促进更自我控制的食物选择。
