Tallinn University Centre of Excellence in Neural and Behavioural Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022 Dec 12;25(12):1014-1025. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac052.
Impulsivity is a psychiatric vulnerability factor strongly associated with substance abuse but also with unhealthy diet. Whether these associations extend to specific nutrients is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and 2 impulsivity dimensions in a representative sample of south Estonian adolescents and young adults. Impulsivity and dietary intake were measured 3 times in 2 birth cohorts at regular intervals in individuals aged 15 to 33 years.
The sample included 2 birth cohorts of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study. The analytic sample size consisted of 2883 observations (56.4% females). The primary outcomes were adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity scores measured by an original 24-item Likert-type questionnaire. Impulsivity scores were predicted from the food diaries data converted into nutrient categories. A linear mixed-effects approach was used to model the time dependence between observations.
Lower maladaptive impulsivity was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -.07; 95% CI = -0.12; -0.03). Higher maladaptive impulsivity was associated with lower dietary intake of zinc (β = -.10; -0.15; -0.06) and vegetables (β = -.04; -0.07; -0.01) and higher intake of sodium (β = .06; 0.02; 0.10). Vitamin B6 was positively associated with adaptive impulsivity (β = .04; 0.01; 0.07). Additionally, some of the adjusted models showed significant but weak associations with selenium, alcohol, fish, and cereal products.
Food choice may affect the neurochemistry and therefore regulate the manifestations of impulsivity. We identified associations between several (micro)nutrients and maladaptive impulsivity.
冲动是一种与物质滥用强烈相关的精神脆弱因素，但也与不健康的饮食有关。这些关联是否扩展到特定的营养物质还知之甚少。因此，我们在一个具有代表性的爱沙尼亚东南部青少年和年轻成年人样本中调查了饮食、心肺健康和两种冲动维度之间的纵向关联。冲动和饮食摄入在 15 至 33 岁的个体中通过 2 个出生队列在定期间隔内进行了 3 次测量。
该样本包括纵向爱沙尼亚儿童个性行为和健康研究的 2 个出生队列。分析样本量由 2883 次观测组成（56.4%为女性）。主要结果是通过原始的 24 项李克特式问卷测量的适应性和不良冲动得分。冲动得分是根据转化为营养类别的食物日记数据来预测的。使用线性混合效应方法对观察之间的时间依赖性进行建模。
较低的不良冲动与较高的心肺健康相关（β=-0.07；95%CI=-0.12；-0.03）。较高的不良冲动与较低的锌（β=-0.10；-0.15；-0.06）和蔬菜（β=-0.04；-0.07；-0.01）以及较高的钠摄入量（β=0.06；0.02；0.10）相关。维生素 B6 与适应性冲动呈正相关（β=0.04；0.01；0.07）。此外，一些调整后的模型与硒、酒精、鱼类和谷物产品之间显示出显著但较弱的关联。
食物选择可能会影响神经化学物质，从而调节冲动的表现。我们确定了一些（微量）营养素与不良冲动之间的关联。
