Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
Rowland Medical Library, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
Sleep Med. 2021 Jul;83:71-82. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.015. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the relationship between sleep and academic performance in students enrolled in secondary education programs in the United States. The study team conducted a literature search of 4 databases-PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and ERIC-on September 19 and repeated December 17, 2020. Studies were included if they were observational, published in a peer-reviewed, non-predatory journal, available in full-text, written in English, included adolescents enrolled in an organized academic program, took place in the US, and evaluated the effect of sleep duration and/or sleep quality on academic performance. After excluding reviews, editorials, interventions, and those targeting diagnostic groups, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies; 12 studies were found to be good or high quality, 2 were adequate/fair or poor quality. A meta-analysis of 11 of the included studies revealed that sleep duration (r = 0.03; 95%CI -0.027, 0.087; p = 0.087) and sleep quality (r = 0.089; 95%CI 0.027, 0.151; p = 0.005) had negligible correlations with academic performance (non-significant and significant, respectively). Inconsistencies in definitions, methods, and measures utilized to assess sleep duration, sleep quality, and academic performance constructs may offer insight into seemingly conflicting findings. Given the pivotal role sleep plays in development, future investigations utilizing validated and objective sleep and academic performance measures are needed in adolescents.
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在研究美国中等教育项目中学生的睡眠与学业成绩之间的关系。研究小组于 2020 年 9 月 19 日和 12 月 17 日在 4 个数据库（PubMed、Embase、CINAHL 和 ERIC）中进行了文献检索。如果研究是观察性的、在同行评议的非掠夺性期刊上发表的、全文可用的、用英语撰写的、包括参加有组织学术计划的青少年、在美国进行的、评估睡眠持续时间和/或睡眠质量对学业成绩的影响的研究，则纳入研究。在排除综述、社论、干预措施和针对诊断组的研究后，有 14 项研究符合纳入标准。使用 NIH 观察性队列和横断面研究质量评估工具评估偏倚风险；发现 12 项研究质量良好或较高，2 项研究质量适当/一般或较差。对纳入的 11 项研究进行荟萃分析显示，睡眠持续时间（r=0.03；95%CI-0.027，0.087；p=0.087）和睡眠质量（r=0.089；95%CI 0.027，0.151；p=0.005）与学业成绩（分别为不显著和显著）有微弱相关性。用于评估睡眠持续时间、睡眠质量和学业成绩结构的定义、方法和措施的不一致性可能有助于理解看似相互矛盾的发现。鉴于睡眠在发育中的关键作用，未来需要在青少年中使用经过验证和客观的睡眠和学业成绩测量进行研究。
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