Utilizing 2D materials to enhance H generation efficiency via photocatalytic reforming industrial and solid waste.

Sustainable valorization of industrial and solid wastes by utilizing them as feedstock to generate H via the photocatalytic reforming (PR) process holds great promise. It can also be an effective method to treat solid waste that otherwise would require tedious and expensive processes. This approach has the potential to offer energy solutions and form value-added chemicals. In this direction, developing photocatalysts and tuning their properties play an essential role in advancing the H generation efficiency. This Review article explores the application of 2D photocatalysts to generate H via PR of industrial waste (HS) and solid waste, such as plastic and biomass. Despite having favorable optoelectronic properties, 2D photocatalysts are not widely employed for the PR process. The latest progress in employing 2D photocatalysts to realize efficient H evolution from biomass, plastic, and industrial waste such as HS is detailed in this Review. A correlation between the properties of 2D photocatalysts with H evolution rate is discussed. We also emphasize understanding the mechanism involved in the PR process and the importance of 2D photocatalysts design. Such rational insight aids in further enhancing the H generation efficiency by effectively using solid/industrial waste as a feedstock.