Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Faculty of Philosophy, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Trends Neurosci. 2021 Aug;44(8):619-628. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.04.007. Epub 2021 May 11.
According to the predictive processing framework, perception is geared to represent the environment in terms of embodied action opportunities as opposed to objective truth. Here, we argue that such an optimisation is reflected by biases in expectations (i.e., prior predictive information) that facilitate 'useful' inferences of external sensory causes. To support this, we highlight a body of literature suggesting that perception is systematically biased away from accurate estimates under conditions where utility and accuracy conflict with one another. We interpret this to reflect the brain's attempt to adjudicate between conflicting sources of prediction error, as external accuracy is sacrificed to facilitate actions that proactively avoid physiologically surprising outcomes. This carries important theoretical implications and offers new insights into psychopathology.
根据预测加工框架，感知是针对体现身体行动机会的环境而不是客观事实进行的。在这里，我们认为这种优化反映在预期偏差（即先验预测信息）中，这些偏差有助于对外界感官原因进行“有用”的推断。为了支持这一点，我们强调了一系列文献表明，在效用和准确性相互冲突的情况下，感知会系统地偏离准确的估计。我们将其解释为大脑试图在相互冲突的预测误差源之间进行裁决，因为为了促进主动避免生理上意外结果的行动，牺牲了外部准确性。这具有重要的理论意义，并为精神病理学提供了新的见解。
