Strößner Corina
Department of Philosophy II, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 30;12:626023. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626023. eCollection 2021.
It is a fact that human subjects rate sentences about typical properties such as "Ravens are black" as very likely to be true. In comparison, modified sentences such as "Feathered ravens are black" receive lower ratings, especially if the modifier is atypical for the noun, as in "Jungle ravens are black". This is called the . However, the likelihood of the unmodified statement influences the perceived likelihood of the modified statement: the higher the rated likelihood of the unmodified sentence, the higher the rated likelihood of the modified one. That means the modifier effect does not fully block of typical properties from nouns to modified nouns. This paper discusses this inheritance effect. In particular, I ask whether it is the direct result of composing concepts from nouns, that is, a bias toward "black" when processing "raven". I report a series of experiments in which I find no evidence for a direct inheritance from composition. This supports the view that default inheritance is rather an inference than a bias.
事实上，人类受试者认为诸如“乌鸦是黑色的”这类关于典型属性的句子很可能是真实的。相比之下，像“有羽毛的乌鸦是黑色的”这类经过修改的句子得到的评分较低，尤其是当修饰语对于名词来说不典型时，比如“丛林乌鸦是黑色的”。这被称为……然而，未修改陈述的可能性会影响对修改后陈述的感知可能性：未修改句子的评分可能性越高，修改后句子的评分可能性就越高。这意味着修饰语效应并没有完全阻止典型属性从名词向修饰名词的……。本文讨论了这种继承效应。具体来说，我探讨这是否是由名词组合概念的直接结果，也就是说，在处理“乌鸦”时对“黑色”的一种偏向。我报告了一系列实验，在这些实验中我没有发现直接从组合中继承的证据。这支持了这样一种观点，即默认继承更像是一种推理而非偏向。
