Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
BioPorto Diagnostics A/S, Hellerup, Denmark.
Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 28;12:661457. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661457. eCollection 2021.
Snakebite envenoming is predominantly an occupational disease of the rural tropics, causing death or permanent disability to hundreds of thousands of victims annually. The diagnosis of snakebite envenoming is commonly based on a combination of patient history and a syndromic approach. However, the availability of auxiliary diagnostic tests at the disposal of the clinicians vary from country to country, and the level of experience within snakebite diagnosis and intervention may be quite different for clinicians from different hospitals. As such, achieving timely diagnosis, and thus treatment, is a challenge faced by treating personnel around the globe. For years, much effort has gone into developing novel diagnostics to support diagnosis of snakebite victims, especially in rural areas of the tropics. Gaining access to affordable and rapid diagnostics could potentially facilitate more favorable patient outcomes due to early and appropriate treatment. This review aims to highlight regional differences in epidemiology and clinical snakebite management on a global scale, including an overview of the past and ongoing research efforts within snakebite diagnostics. Finally, the review is rounded off with a discussion on design considerations and potential benefits of novel snakebite diagnostics.
蛇伤中毒主要是农村热带地区的职业病，每年导致数十万受害者死亡或永久残疾。蛇伤中毒的诊断通常基于患者病史和综合症状的方法。然而，临床医生可利用的辅助诊断测试在各国之间存在差异，不同医院的蛇伤诊断和干预经验水平可能也大不相同。因此，及时诊断并进行治疗是全球治疗人员面临的挑战。多年来，人们一直在努力开发新的诊断方法来支持蛇伤患者的诊断，特别是在热带地区的农村地区。获得负担得起且快速的诊断方法可能会因为早期和适当的治疗而带来更有利的患者结局。本综述旨在突出全球范围内蛇伤流行病学和临床管理的区域性差异，包括蛇伤诊断领域过去和正在进行的研究工作概述。最后，还讨论了新型蛇伤诊断的设计考虑因素和潜在优势。
