Antidiabetic and antimicrobial flavonoids from the twigs and roots of (Hassk.) Merr.

The phytochemical investigation of the twig and root extracts of (Hassk.) Merr. (Fabaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of a new pterocarpan, erythrinocarpan (), along with 27 known compounds (-). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Compounds , , , and had α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC values of 13.4 ± 0.05, 24.5 ± 0.13, 29.0 ± 0.05, and 12.8 ± 0.14 μM, respectively, while compound inhibited α-amylase activity with an IC value of 67.6 ± 1.12 μM. Compounds and inhibited glycation activity with the IC values of 36.9 ± 0.62 and 40.5 ± 0.37 μM, respectively. From cell-based assays, compound showed the highest ability to induce glucose consumption (IC 29.1 ± 0.86 μM) and glucose uptake (2.8-fold), and to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production (IC 52.5 ± 0.56 μM) without cell toxicity. Furthermore, compound showed antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi with MIC values ranging from 2-4 μg/mL.