Robinson T F, Cohen-Gould L, Factor S M, Eghbali M, Blumenfeld O O
Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
Scanning Microsc. 1988 Jun;2(2):1005-15.
Heart myocytes and capillaries are enmeshed in a complex array of connective tissue structures arranged in several levels of organization: epimysium, the sheath of connective tissue that surrounds muscles; perimysium, which is associated with groups of cells; and endomysium, which surrounds and interconnects individual cells. The present paper is a review of work in this field with an emphasis on new, unpublished findings, including composition of endomysial fibers and disposition of newly described perimysial fibers. The role of scanning electron microscopy in the development of current understanding is also outlined. Biaxially arranged epimysial fibers form a sheath around papillary muscles and trabeculae that becomes increasingly well-oriented with the muscle axis during stretch. Perimysial structures are associated with groups of cells, and include weaves and septa of collagen, tendon-like fibers between weaves, ribbon-like fibers perpendicular to myocytes, and the newly described coiled perimysial fibers, which form an array in parallel with the myocytes and the epimysial net. The endomysium includes struts that bridge cells and pericellular fibers; both contain collagen types I and III. The evidence for the latter is presented in this paper and depends upon the use of antibody localization with fluorescent markers in light microscopy and colloidal gold for scanning electron microscopy. The implications of the composition of collagen fibers for myocardial function are discussed in relation to intra-cellular and other extra-cellular structures.
心肌细胞和毛细血管被包裹在一系列复杂的结缔组织结构中，这些结构按组织层次排列为：肌外膜，即围绕肌肉的结缔组织鞘；肌束膜，与细胞群相关；以及肌内膜，围绕并连接单个细胞。本文是对该领域工作的综述，重点关注新的未发表的研究结果，包括肌内膜纤维的组成和新描述的肌束膜纤维的分布。还概述了扫描电子显微镜在当前认识发展中的作用。双轴排列的肌外膜纤维在乳头肌和小梁周围形成一层鞘，在拉伸过程中，该鞘与肌肉轴的方向越来越一致。肌束膜结构与细胞群相关，包括胶原编织物和隔膜、编织物之间的腱样纤维、垂直于心肌细胞的带状纤维，以及新描述的盘绕状肌束膜纤维，它们与心肌细胞和肌外膜网平行排列。肌内膜包括连接细胞和细胞周围纤维的支柱；两者都含有I型和III型胶原。本文提供了关于后者的证据，这取决于在光学显微镜下使用荧光标记的抗体定位以及在扫描电子显微镜下使用胶体金。结合细胞内和其他细胞外结构，讨论了胶原纤维组成对心肌功能的影响。
