School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.
Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2021 Jun;6(3):177-195. doi: 10.1089/can.2020.0105. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Some cannabinoids have been identified as anti-inflammatory agents; however, their potential therapeutic or prophylactic applications remain controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a timely and comprehensive insight into cannabinoid-mediated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in preclinical studies. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus. Eligible studies where cannabinoids had been evaluated for their effect on inflammation in animal models were included in the analysis. Data were extracted from 26 of 4247 eligible full text articles, and risk of bias was assessed using the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Studies examined cannabidiol (CBD; =20); cannabigerol (CBG; =1); delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; =2); THC and CBD separately (=1); and THC and CBD in combination (=2). Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon gamma were the most commonly studied pro-inflammatory cytokines and their levels were consistently reduced after treatment with CBD, CBG, or CBD+THC, but not with THC alone. The association between cannabinoid-induced anti-inflammatory response and disease severity was examined. In 22 studies where CBD, CBG, or CBD in combination with THC were administered, a reduction in the levels of at least one inflammatory cytokine was observed, and in 24 studies, some improvements in disease or disability were apparent. THC alone did not reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (=3), but resulted in improvements in neuropathic pain in one study. This review shows that CBD, CBG, and CBD+THC combination exert a predominantly anti-inflammatory effect , whereas THC alone does not reduce pro-inflammatory or increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. It is anticipated that this information could be used to inform human clinical trials of cannabinoids, focusing on CBD and CBG to reduce inflammation across a range of pathophysiological processes.
一些大麻素已被鉴定为抗炎剂；然而，它们的潜在治疗或预防应用仍然存在争议。本系统评价的目的是及时提供全面了解大麻素在临床前研究中对促炎和抗炎细胞因子反应的影响。使用 PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE 和 Scopus 进行了系统搜索。纳入了评估大麻素对动物模型炎症影响的研究。从 4247 篇符合条件的全文文章中提取数据，并使用 SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation（SYRCLE）工具评估偏倚风险。研究检查了大麻二酚（CBD；=20）；大麻萜酚（CBG；=1）；Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC；=2）；单独的 THC 和 CBD（=1）；和 THC 和 CBD 联合（=2）。肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6 和干扰素γ是研究最广泛的促炎细胞因子，在用 CBD、CBG 或 CBD+THC 治疗后，其水平一致降低，但单独用 THC 则不然。还检查了大麻素诱导的抗炎反应与疾病严重程度之间的关联。在 22 项研究中，给予 CBD、CBG 或 CBD 与 THC 联合治疗，观察到至少一种炎症细胞因子水平降低，在 24 项研究中，疾病或残疾有一些改善。单独的 THC 不能降低促炎细胞因子水平（=3），但在一项研究中改善了神经性疼痛。本综述表明，CBD、CBG 和 CBD+THC 联合具有主要的抗炎作用，而单独的 THC 则没有降低促炎或增加抗炎细胞因子的作用。预计这些信息可用于告知大麻素的人类临床试验，重点关注 CBD 和 CBG，以减轻一系列病理生理过程中的炎症。
