Garnett Daniel, Patricios Jon, Cobbing Saul
Physiotherapy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Sports Med Open. 2021 May 17;7(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s40798-021-00312-y.
Concussion in sports has received a great deal of media attention and may result in short and longer-lasting symptoms, especially in adolescents. Although significant strides have been made in the identification and management of concussion, less is known about the primary prevention of this condition. The aims of this scoping review are to (1) summarize the current research of physical conditioning strategies to reduce or prevent concussion incidence in individuals participating in sport, especially adolescents, and (2) to identify gaps in the knowledge base. Our research question was what is known from the existing literature about physical preparation strategies to reduce or prevent concussion in adult and adolescent sports?
Three literature searches were conducted by information officers at two universities at six-month intervals, using five electronic databases (PubMed; WorldCat.org ; Mendeley; EBSCOHost and Ovid MEDLINE). To increase the search range, subject experts were consulted and articles and reference lists were hand searched. A scoping review methodology identified eligible studies that analyzed physical preparation techniques on modifiable physical risk factors in athletes to reduce the incidence of concussion. The PRISMA-ScR checklist guided the reporting of the findings.
A total of 1414 possible articles were identified, after duplicates removed, and articles analyzed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 9 articles qualified for analysis. Two articles were found from studying reference lists. Thus, a total of 11 articles were included in the final evaluation for the purposes of this study. Data are reported from mostly adolescent subjects participating in nine different sports from three countries. Findings are presented with specific reference to previously recognized modifiable risk factors of concussion which include neck strength, neck size, cervical stiffness, type of sport, and pre-activity exercises.
There is limited research examining the physical preparation of athletes, especially in adolescents, to reduce or prevent concussion, and conflicting evidence in the few small sample studies that were identified. This scoping review identifies the research gap for a potentially vital modifiable risk factor, notably in the physical preparation of children and adolescents to reduce or prevent sports-related concussion.
运动中的脑震荡受到了媒体的广泛关注，可能会导致短期和长期的症状，尤其是在青少年中。尽管在脑震荡的识别和管理方面已经取得了重大进展，但对于这种情况的一级预防却知之甚少。本范围综述的目的是：（1）总结当前关于身体训练策略的研究，以减少或预防参与运动的个体，尤其是青少年的脑震荡发生率；（2）识别知识库中的差距。我们的研究问题是，现有文献中关于减少或预防成人和青少年运动中脑震荡的身体准备策略有哪些？
两所大学的信息官员每隔六个月进行三次文献检索，使用五个电子数据库（PubMed；WorldCat.org；Mendeley；EBSCOHost和Ovid MEDLINE）。为了扩大搜索范围，咨询了主题专家，并对文章和参考文献列表进行了手工检索。一种范围综述方法确定了符合条件的研究，这些研究分析了针对运动员可改变的身体风险因素的身体准备技术，以降低脑震荡的发生率。PRISMA-ScR清单指导了研究结果的报告。
共识别出1414篇可能的文章，去除重复项后，根据纳入和排除标准对文章进行分析，只有9篇文章符合分析条件。通过研究参考文献列表又发现了2篇文章。因此，本研究最终评估共纳入11篇文章。数据主要来自参与三个国家九种不同运动的青少年受试者。研究结果具体参考了先前公认的可改变的脑震荡风险因素，包括颈部力量、颈部尺寸、颈椎僵硬程度、运动类型和运动前锻炼。
关于运动员身体准备以减少或预防脑震荡的研究有限，尤其是在青少年中，在已识别的少数小样本研究中存在相互矛盾的证据。本范围综述确定了一个潜在的重要可改变风险因素的研究差距，特别是在儿童和青少年的身体准备方面，以减少或预防与运动相关的脑震荡。
