Indharty Rr Suzy, Siahaan Andre M P, Susanto Martin, Tandean Steven, Risfandi Marsal
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, Indonesia.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2023 Mar 24;85(3):365-373. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000268. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Concussion is a common complaint among adult and adolescent athletes around the world and poses a safety risk in competitive, recreational, and noncontact sports. It is estimated that concussions occur at a rate of 0.5 per 1000 playing hours; however, the precision of this estimate is uncertain due to variations in the interpretation and reporting of concussions. Athletes with a history of concussions are more likely to sustain additional concussions, which can result in cognitive decline, depression, and early degenerative change. In order to lessen the likelihood of future difficulties, this study compiles the research on preventing sports-related concussion in soccer and presents a summary of the findings.
We performed a literature search on PubMed, EBSCO (Elton B. Stephens Company), DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals), and Cochrane for the past 20 years. The search strategy was using Boolean terms based on any of the search terms of sports-related-concussion, soccer, and prevention. The studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.
This research identified three systematic reviews, seven literature reviews, five cross-sectional studies, one randomized controlled trial, three prospective studies, and one retrospective study. As concussion prevention measures in soccer, several strategies can be implemented, including concussion education, rule/regulation changes, proper heading technique, behavioral skills training, vision training to improve sensory and anticipation, the use of supplements to prevent severe concussion and accelerate recovery, as well as prevention in youth sports and head impact detection.
Good education, good technique, good training, and a good strengthening program can be implemented to prevent concussions in soccer. To determine the relationship between prevention and concussion, however, additional research is required.
脑震荡是全球成年和青少年运动员中常见的问题，在竞技、休闲和非接触性运动中都存在安全风险。据估计，脑震荡的发生率为每1000比赛小时0.5次；然而，由于对脑震荡的解释和报告存在差异，这一估计的准确性尚不确定。有脑震荡病史的运动员更有可能再次发生脑震荡，这可能导致认知能力下降、抑郁和早期退行性改变。为了降低未来出现问题的可能性，本研究汇总了关于预防足球运动相关脑震荡的研究，并呈现了研究结果总结。
我们在PubMed、EBSCO（艾尔顿·B·斯蒂芬斯公司）、DOAJ（开放获取期刊目录）和考克兰数据库中进行了为期20年的文献检索。检索策略是基于与运动相关脑震荡、足球和预防相关的任何搜索词使用布尔术语。研究根据纳入和排除标准进行筛选。
本研究确定了三项系统评价、七篇文献综述、五项横断面研究、一项随机对照试验、三项前瞻性研究和一项回顾性研究。作为足球运动中脑震荡的预防措施，可以实施多种策略，包括脑震荡教育、规则/规定更改、正确的头球技术、行为技能训练、改善感官和预判能力的视觉训练、使用补充剂预防严重脑震荡并加速恢复，以及青少年运动中的预防和头部撞击检测。
可以实施良好的教育、良好的技术、良好的训练和良好的强化计划来预防足球运动中的脑震荡。然而，为了确定预防与脑震荡之间的关系，还需要进一步的研究。
