Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2021 May 18;379(4):25. doi: 10.1007/s41061-021-00337-7.
Spiroindole and spirooxindole scaffolds are very important spiro-heterocyclic compounds in drug design processes. Significant attention has been directed at obtaining molecules based on spiroindole and spirooxindole derivatives that have bioactivity against cancer cells, microbes, and different types of disease affecting the human body. Due to their inherent three-dimensional nature and ability to project functionalities in all three dimensions, they have become biological targets. Considering reports on spiroindole and spirooxindole-containing scaffolds in the past decades, introducing novel synthetic procedures has been an active research field of organic chemistry for well over a century and will be useful in creating new therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the pharmacological significance of spiroindole and spirooxindole scaffolds and highlights the latest strategies for their synthesis, focusing particularly on the past 2 years with typical examples. The spiroindole and spirooxindoles in this review are divided by the type and ring size of the spirocycle that is fused to indole or oxindole. Summarizing these procedures will be very beneficial for discovering novel therapeutic candidate molecules.
螺吲哚和螺噁吲哚骨架是药物设计过程中非常重要的螺杂环化合物。人们高度关注基于螺吲哚和螺噁吲哚衍生物的分子，这些分子对癌细胞、微生物和影响人体的不同类型的疾病具有生物活性。由于它们固有的三维性质和在所有三个维度上投射功能的能力，它们已成为生物靶点。考虑到过去几十年关于含螺吲哚和螺噁吲哚骨架的报道，引入新的合成方法是有机化学一个多世纪以来的一个活跃研究领域，这对于创造新的治疗剂将是有用的。本文综述了螺吲哚和螺噁吲哚骨架的药理学意义，并重点介绍了过去 2 年中它们的最新合成策略，其中特别以典型实例进行了说明。本文综述中的螺吲哚和螺噁吲哚根据与吲哚或氧吲哚稠合的螺环的类型和环大小进行分类。总结这些方法对于发现新型治疗候选分子将非常有益。
