Al-Ansari Rehab Y, Alshaer Abdulaziz, Al-Anazi Aamer, Al-Otaibi Nasser, Abdalla Leena, Al-Tarrah Sufana, Shilash Amal, Al-Zahrani Nada
Adult Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, KFMMC, Dhahran 31932, Saudi Arabia.
Critical Care Department, KFMMC, Dhahran 31932, Saudi Arabia.
J Hematol. 2021 Apr;10(2):64-70. doi: 10.14740/jh821. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was first discovered in December 2019 and turned to be pandemic in early March 2020. We aimed to describe the dominant ABO group and outcomes of critically ill patients (respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and mortality) in a Saudi Arabian setting.
We conducted an observational, analytic cross-sectional, retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital. Around 90 candidates tested positive for COVID-19 were enrolled in this study during admission to critical care unit between May 2020 and September 2020. Blood group was detected in all patients included in the study during admission to critical care unit.
In this study, data of 90 patients with COVID-19 admitted to critical care unit were collected. Some prevalent medical conditions were collected, in which hypertension (64.2%) and diabetes mellitus (58.9%) were the most reported comorbidities among patients and there was no significant difference between groups. Most of the sample had blood group of O (45.6%), while the least group was AB (5.6%). Patients with blood group of A/AB showed the highest mortality vs. group O/B (32% vs. 18.5%) with significant P value of 0.001. Patients of groups A/AB had higher risk for intubation than O/B groups (52.0% and 49.2%, respectively; confidence interval of 0.44 - 2.8 with insignificant P value of 0.055). Length of stay in critical care unit was significantly higher in group A/AB with a mean course of 18.20 days in comparison to group O/B with a mean course of 12.63 days (P = 0.033).
Our data indicate that critically ill patients with COVID-19 with blood group A/AB are at increased risk of mortality and length of stay in critical care unit, with insignificant requirement of mechanical ventilation when compared with patients with blood group O/B. Future larger studies are needed to validate and understand the underlying mechanisms.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起，该病毒于2019年12月首次发现，并于2020年3月初演变为大流行病。我们旨在描述沙特阿拉伯环境中危重症患者（需要机械通气的呼吸衰竭和死亡率）的主要ABO血型及转归。
我们在一家三级护理医院进行了一项观察性、分析性横断面回顾性研究。2020年5月至2020年9月期间，约90名COVID-19检测呈阳性的患者在入住重症监护病房时被纳入本研究。在所有纳入研究的患者入住重症监护病房期间检测血型。
本研究收集了90例入住重症监护病房的COVID-19患者的数据。收集了一些常见的医疗状况的数据，其中高血压（64.2%）和糖尿病（58.9%）是患者中报告最多的合并症，各亚组之间无显著差异。大多数样本的血型为O型（45.6%），而最少的是AB型（5.6%）。A/AB血型患者的死亡率高于O/B血型患者（32%对18.5%），P值显著，为0.001。A/AB血型组患者插管风险高于O/B血型组（分别为52.0%和49.2%；置信区间为0.44 - 2.8，P值为0.055，无统计学意义）。A/AB血型组在重症监护病房的住院时间显著更长，平均病程为18.20天，而O/B血型组平均病程为12.63天（P = 0.033）。
我们的数据表明，与O/B血型患者相比，A/AB血型的COVID-19危重症患者死亡风险和在重症监护病房的住院时间增加，机械通气需求无显著差异。未来需要更大规模的研究来验证和了解其潜在机制。
