Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.
Department of Neurology.
Neuropsychology. 2021 Jul;35(5):514-528. doi: 10.1037/neu0000743. Epub 2021 May 20.
Hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptoms, and smoking are predictors of cognitive decline in late life. It is unknown if these risk factors are associated with cognition during midlife or if the associations between these risk factors and cognition vary by race. This longitudinal study examined (a) risk factors for decline in episodic memory, processing speed, and working memory in midlife women and (b) if the associations between risk factors and cognitive decline were moderated by race. Participants (aged 42-52) were European American ( = 1,000), African American ( = 516), and Asian American ( = 437) women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Two-level hierarchical linear models tested risk factors, race, and their interactions as predictors of cognitive change over time. African Americans had poorer baseline episodic memory, processing speed, and working memory and greater episodic memory decline compared to European Americans. Asian Americans had poorer episodic memory and working memory, but better processing speed than European Americans. Depressive symptoms were associated with poorer episodic memory and processing speed at baseline; further, diabetes was associated with poorer processing speed at baseline. Greater depressive symptoms were associated with poorer episodic memory at baseline for African Americans but not European Americans. Our study results highlight racial disparities in cognition during midlife. Depressive symptoms may be particularly detrimental to the cognitive health of African Americans. Clinical and public health interventions for healthy cognitive aging should be tailored to the unique risks of racial groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
高血压、糖尿病、抑郁症状和吸烟是晚年认知能力下降的预测因素。目前尚不清楚这些危险因素是否与中年认知能力有关，或者这些危险因素与认知能力之间的关联是否因种族而异。本纵向研究考察了（a）中年女性情景记忆、处理速度和工作记忆下降的危险因素，以及（b）这些危险因素与认知能力下降之间的关联是否受种族的调节。参与者（年龄在 42-52 岁之间）为来自全国妇女健康研究的欧洲裔美国人（n=1000）、非裔美国人（n=516）和亚裔美国人（n=437）女性。两级层次线性模型检验了风险因素、种族及其相互作用作为随时间变化的认知变化的预测因素。与欧洲裔美国人相比，非裔美国人的情景记忆、处理速度和工作记忆的基线水平较差，情景记忆的下降幅度较大。与欧洲裔美国人相比，亚裔美国人的情景记忆和工作记忆较差，但处理速度较好。抑郁症状与情景记忆和处理速度的基线较差有关；此外，糖尿病与处理速度的基线较差有关。对于非裔美国人，抑郁症状的增加与情景记忆的基线较差有关，但对于欧洲裔美国人则没有。我们的研究结果强调了中年认知方面的种族差异。抑郁症状可能对非裔美国人的认知健康特别有害。针对健康认知衰老的临床和公共卫生干预措施应针对不同种族群体的独特风险进行调整。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
