Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Center for Climate and Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Alzheimers Dement. 2024 May;20(5):3147-3156. doi: 10.1002/alz.13768. Epub 2024 Mar 13.
Depressive symptoms are associated with higher risk of dementia, but how they impact cognition in diverse populations is unclear.
Asian, Black, Latino, or White participants (n = 2227) in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (age 65+) and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (age 50+) underwent up to three waves of cognitive assessments over 4 years. Multilevel models stratified by race/ethnicity were used to examine whether depressive symptoms were associated with cognition or cognitive decline and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity.
Higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower baseline verbal episodic memory scores (-0.06, 95% CI: -0.12, -0.01; -0.15, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.04), and faster decline annually in semantic memory (-0.04, 95% CI: -0.07, -0.01; -0.10, 95% CI: -0.15, -0.05) for Black and Latino participants. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower baseline but not decline in executive function.
Depressive symptoms were associated with worse cognitive outcomes, with some evidence of heterogeneity across racial/ethnic groups.
We examined whether baseline depressive symptoms were differentially associated with domain-specific cognition or cognitive decline by race/ethnicity. Depressive symptoms were associated with worse cognitive scores for all racial/ethnic groups across different domains examined. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with faster cognitive decline for semantic memory for Black and Latino participants. The results suggest a particularly harmful association between depressive symptoms and cognition in certain racial/ethnic groups.
抑郁症状与痴呆风险增加相关，但它们如何影响不同人群的认知尚不清楚。
参加 Kaiser 健康老龄化和多样化生活体验研究（年龄 65 岁以上）和非裔美国人健康老龄化研究（年龄 50 岁以上）的亚裔、非裔、拉丁裔或白人参与者（n=2227）接受了长达 4 年、3 次的认知评估。采用按种族/族裔分层的多水平模型来检验抑郁症状是否与认知或认知下降相关，以及关联是否因种族/族裔而异。
较高的抑郁症状与较低的基线词语情节记忆评分相关（-0.06，95%CI：-0.12，-0.01；-0.15，95%CI：-0.25，-0.04），且黑人和拉丁裔参与者语义记忆的每年下降速度也更快（-0.04，95%CI：-0.07，-0.01；-0.10，95%CI：-0.15，-0.05）。抑郁症状与较低的基线执行功能相关，但与执行功能的下降无关。
抑郁症状与较差的认知结果相关，且在不同种族/族裔群体中存在一定程度的异质性。
我们检验了基线抑郁症状是否与不同种族/族裔的特定认知域或认知下降存在差异相关。抑郁症状与所有被研究的不同认知域的所有种族/族裔的认知评分较差相关。较高的抑郁症状与黑人和拉丁裔参与者的语义记忆认知下降速度更快相关。结果表明，抑郁症状与某些种族/族裔群体的认知之间存在特别有害的关联。
