Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Front Immunol. 2021 May 4;12:656894. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656894. eCollection 2021.
Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) are cell surface glycoproteins which trigger specific effector-cell responses when cross-linked with the Fc portions of immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies. During HIV-1 infection, the course of disease progression, ART response, and viral reservoir size vary in different individuals. Several factors may account for these differences; however, Fc gamma receptor gene polymorphisms, which influence receptor binding to IgG antibodies, are likely to play a key role. FcγRIIa (CD32) was recently reported as a potential marker for latent HIV reservoir, however, this assertion is still inconclusive. Whether FcγR polymorphisms influence the size of the viral reservoir, remains an important question in HIV cure studies. In addition, potential cure or viral suppression methods such as broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAbs) may depend on FcγRs to control the virus. Here, we discuss the current evidence on the potential role played by FcγR polymorphisms in HIV-1 infection, treatment and vaccine trial outcomes. Importantly, we highlight contrasting findings that may be due to multiple factors and the relatively limited data from African populations. We recommend further studies especially in sub-Saharan Africa to confirm the role of FcγRIIa in the establishment of latent reservoir and to determine their influence in therapies involving bNAbs.
Fc 受体（FcγR）是细胞表面糖蛋白，当与免疫球蛋白（IgG）抗体的 Fc 部分交联时，会触发特定的效应细胞反应。在 HIV-1 感染期间，疾病进展、ART 反应和病毒储存库大小在不同个体中有所不同。有几个因素可能导致这些差异；然而，影响受体与 IgG 抗体结合的 Fc 受体基因多态性可能发挥关键作用。FcγRIIa（CD32）最近被报道为潜伏 HIV 储存库的潜在标志物，但这一说法仍不确定。FcγR 多态性是否影响病毒储存库的大小，仍是 HIV 治愈研究中的一个重要问题。此外，潜在的治愈或病毒抑制方法，如广泛中和抗体（bNAbs），可能依赖于 FcγRs 来控制病毒。在这里，我们讨论了 FcγR 多态性在 HIV-1 感染、治疗和疫苗试验结果中的潜在作用的现有证据。重要的是，我们强调了可能由于多种因素和来自非洲人群的相对有限的数据而导致的相互矛盾的发现。我们建议进行进一步的研究，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，以确认 FcγRIIa 在建立潜伏储存库中的作用，并确定它们在涉及 bNAbs 的治疗中的影响。
