Department of Forestry Science & Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Geospatial Information Science Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2021 May 21;16(5):e0252111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252111. eCollection 2021.
The Cameron Highlands has experienced multiple land encroachment activities and repeated deforestation, leading to extensive land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) during the past six decades. This study aims to determine the LULCC against topography in Cameron Highlands between 2009 and 2019 by using geospatial techniques to analyze Landsat 7 (ETM+) and 8 (OLI/TIRS), ASTER GDEM and MODIS imaging sensors. The results showed a decline of 35.98 km2 in primary forests over ten years across the Cameron Highlands, while agricultural lands and urban areas flourished by a rise of 51.61 km2 and 11.00 km2 respectively. It can be noted that the elevation most affected is between 1000 and 1500 m, across all classes. Further results showed the expansion of both agriculture and urban development onto slopes above 35°, leading to an instability of soil structure. In a comparison of the base years of 2009 with 2019, mean LST results have shown temperatures rising by 7.5°C, while an average between 3 and 4°C across the region is recorded. The results obtained provide new information for government bodies and land planners to coordinate their actions without further jeopardizing the environment of the Cameron Highlands.
金马仑高原在过去六十年经历了多次土地侵占活动和反复的森林砍伐，导致广泛的土地利用和土地覆盖变化（LULCC）。本研究旨在利用地理空间技术分析 Landsat 7（ETM+）和 8（OLI/TIRS）、ASTER GDEM 和 MODIS 成像传感器，确定 2009 年至 2019 年金马仑高原的地形土地利用和土地覆盖变化。研究结果显示，在过去十年中，金马仑高原的原始森林减少了 35.98 平方公里，而农业用地和城市面积分别增加了 51.61 平方公里和 11.00 平方公里。值得注意的是，所有类别中受影响最大的海拔高度在 1000 至 1500 米之间。进一步的结果表明，农业和城市发展都扩展到了 35°以上的斜坡上，导致土壤结构不稳定。在将 2009 年作为基准年与 2019 年进行比较时，平均 LST 结果显示气温上升了 7.5°C，而该地区的平均温度记录在 3 到 4°C 之间。研究结果为政府机构和土地规划者提供了新的信息，以便在不进一步危及金马仑高原环境的情况下协调他们的行动。
