Laboratory of Food Analysis, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 8;13(9):633. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090633.
The poultry industry in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is faced with feed insecurity, associated with high cost of feeds, and feed safety, associated with locally produced feeds often contaminated with mycotoxins. Mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), trichothecenes, and zearalenone (ZEN), are common contaminants of poultry feeds and feed ingredients from SSA. These mycotoxins cause deleterious effects on the health and productivity of chickens and can also be present in poultry food products, thereby posing a health hazard to human consumers of these products. This review summarizes studies of major mycotoxins in poultry feeds, feed ingredients, and poultry food products from SSA as well as aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Additionally reviewed are the worldwide regulation of mycotoxins in poultry feeds, the impact of major mycotoxins in the production of chickens, and the postharvest use of mycotoxin detoxifiers. In most studies, AFs are most commonly quantified, and levels above the European Union regulatory limits of 20 μg/kg are reported. Trichothecenes, FBs, ZEN, and OTA are also reported but are less frequently analyzed. Co-occurrences of mycotoxins, especially AFs and FBs, are reported in some studies. The effects of AFs on chickens' health and productivity, carryover to their products, as well as use of mycotoxin binders are reported in few studies conducted in SSA. More research should therefore be conducted in SSA to evaluate occurrences, toxicological effects, and mitigation strategies to prevent the toxic effects of mycotoxins.
撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的家禽业面临饲料不安全问题，这与饲料成本高有关，同时也存在饲料安全问题，因为当地生产的饲料常常受到霉菌毒素的污染。霉菌毒素，包括黄曲霉毒素（AFs）、伏马菌素（FBs）、单端孢霉烯族化合物和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN），是 SSA 家禽饲料和饲料成分中常见的污染物。这些霉菌毒素对鸡的健康和生产力造成有害影响，并且也可能存在于家禽食品中，从而对这些产品的人类消费者构成健康危害。本综述总结了 SSA 家禽饲料、饲料成分和家禽食品中主要霉菌毒素以及黄曲霉毒素中毒爆发的研究情况。此外，还审查了全世界对家禽饲料中霉菌毒素的监管、主要霉菌毒素对鸡生产的影响以及霉菌毒素解毒剂的收获后用途。在大多数研究中，AFs 是最常被定量的，并且报告的水平超过了欧盟规定的 20μg/kg 的限量。也报告了单端孢霉烯族化合物、FBs、ZEN 和 OTA，但分析较少。在一些研究中报告了霉菌毒素的共同出现，尤其是 AFs 和 FBs。在 SSA 进行的少数研究中报告了 AFs 对鸡健康和生产力的影响、对其产品的转移以及霉菌毒素结合剂的使用。因此，应该在 SSA 进行更多的研究，以评估霉菌毒素的发生、毒理学影响和减轻策略，以防止霉菌毒素的毒性影响。
