Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Jun;279:113964. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113964. Epub 2021 May 5.
Cities are restoring existing natural outdoor environments (NOE) or creating new ones to address diverse socio-environmental and health challenges. The idea that NOE provide health benefits is supported by the therapeutic landscapes concept. However, several scholars suggest that NOE interventions may not equitably serve all urban residents and may be affected by processes such as gentrification. Applying the therapeutic landscapes concept, this study assesses the impacts of gentrification processes on the associations between NOE and the health of underprivileged, often long-term, neighborhood residents.
We examined five neighborhoods in five cities in Canada, the United States and Western Europe. Our case studies were neighborhoods experiencing gentrification processes and NOE interventions. In each city, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews on NOE interventions, equity/justice, gentrification and health (n = 117) with case study neighborhood residents, community-based organizations, neighborhood resident leaders and other stakeholders such as public agencies staff.
Respondents highlighted a variety of interconnected and overlapping factors: the insufficient benefits of NOE to counterbalance other factors detrimental to health, the use of NOE for city branding and housing marketing despite pollution, unwelcomeness, increase of conflicts, threats to physical displacement for themselves and their social networks, unattractiveness, deficient routes, inadequate NOE maintenance and lack of safety in NOE.
Our study demonstrated that underprivileged neighborhood residents were perceived to experience new or improved NOE as what we call "disruptive green landscapes" (i.e. non-therapeutic landscapes with which they were not physically or emotionally engaged) instead of as therapeutic landscapes.
城市正在恢复现有的自然户外环境（NOE）或创建新的环境，以应对多样化的社会环境和健康挑战。NOE 提供健康益处的观点得到了治疗性景观概念的支持。然而，一些学者认为，NOE 干预措施可能无法公平地为所有城市居民服务，并且可能受到绅士化等过程的影响。本研究应用治疗性景观概念，评估绅士化过程对 NOE 与弱势、长期居住在邻里的居民健康之间关联的影响。
我们研究了加拿大、美国和西欧五个城市的五个社区。我们的案例研究是经历绅士化过程和 NOE 干预的社区。在每个城市，我们对经历绅士化过程和 NOE 干预的社区进行了关于 NOE 干预、公平/正义、绅士化和健康的半结构化定性访谈（n=117），受访者包括社区居民、社区组织、社区居民领袖以及公共机构工作人员等其他利益相关者。
受访者强调了各种相互关联和重叠的因素：NOE 的收益不足以抵消其他对健康有害的因素，尽管存在污染、不友好、冲突加剧、对自己和社交网络的身体流离失所的威胁、缺乏吸引力、路线不足、NOE 维护不善和 NOE 缺乏安全性，但仍将 NOE 用于城市品牌建设和住房营销。
我们的研究表明，弱势社区居民被认为体验到新的或改善的 NOE 是我们所说的“破坏性绿色景观”（即他们没有身体或情感参与的非治疗性景观），而不是治疗性景观。
