Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jul 20;11:1154515. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1154515. eCollection 2023.
The impacts of changing neighborhoods, and the influence of neighborhood stability on residents' health have not received enough attention in the literature; one of the most important aspects is gentrification. Research on the impact of gentrification on residents' health has gradually increased in recent years, mainly from North America. Based on the guidelines of PRISMA 2020 and SCIE, 66 papers were included for analysis, six aspects of selected studies are discussed: the research design, theoretical framework, methods of analysis, definition and measurement of gentrification effects, and impact pathways. In general, most of the literature in this field can be seen as using an ecological research design, of which cross-sectional research accounts for a large proportion. The identified effects vary in their direction as well as strength due to difference in population, temporal, and geographical characteristics. Gentrification could affect health outcomes through the combination of economic, social, and physical environment factors. Existing research could be improved in the following aspects: (1) The definition and measurement of gentrification should be both generic and site-specific; Various measurement methods should be compared to enhance the robustness of the results. Furthermore, more consideration should be given to the impact of spatial issues; (2) As for health outcomes, it is suggested to expand the scope of the discussion of health outcomes and strengthen the biological explanation of the influencing mechanisms. It is also necessary to determine the research time points according to the characteristics of the incubation period of different diseases; (3) As for research design, applying longitudinal research design is more likely to improve the reliability; (4) Theoretical frameworks should be addressed to link the definition and measurement of gentrification, patterns of health outcomes, methodology and pathways.
邻里环境变化以及邻里稳定性对居民健康的影响在文献中尚未得到足够重视；其中最重要的一个方面是 gentrification（城市更新）。近年来，关于 gentrification 对居民健康影响的研究逐渐增多，主要来自北美。基于 PRISMA 2020 和 SCIE 指南，纳入了 66 篇论文进行分析，讨论了所选研究的六个方面：研究设计、理论框架、分析方法、gentrification 效应的定义和测量以及影响途径。总体而言，该领域的大部分文献可以被视为使用生态研究设计，其中横断面研究占很大比例。由于人口、时间和地理特征的差异，确定的影响在方向和强度上有所不同。gentrification 可能通过经济、社会和物理环境因素的组合来影响健康结果。现有研究可以在以下方面得到改进：（1）gentrification 的定义和测量应该既具有普遍性又具有针对性；应比较各种测量方法，以增强结果的稳健性。此外，应更多地考虑空间问题的影响；（2）就健康结果而言，建议扩大健康结果讨论的范围，并加强对影响机制的生物学解释。还需要根据不同疾病潜伏期的特点确定研究时间点；（3）就研究设计而言，应用纵向研究设计更有可能提高可靠性；（4）应解决理论框架问题，将 gentrification 的定义和测量、健康结果模式、方法和途径联系起来。
