Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Edifici V. Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, Évora, Portugal.
Pharmacology. 2021;106(7-8):356-368. doi: 10.1159/000516240. Epub 2021 May 21.
The Nobel Prize of Physiology or Medicine (NPPM) has recognized the work of 222 scientists from different nationalities, from 1901 until 2020. From the total, 186 award researchers used animal models in their projects, and 21 were attributed to scientists and projects directly related to Pharmacology. In the most recent years, genetics is a dominant scientific area, while at the beginning of the 20th century, most of the studies were more related to anatomy, cytology, and physiology.
Mammalian models were used in 144 NPPM projects, being rodents the most used group of species. Moreover, 92 researchers included domestic species in their work. The criteria used to choose the species, the number of animals used and the experimental protocol is always debatable and dependent on the scientific area of the study; however, the 3R's principle can be applied to most scientific fields. Independently of the species, the animal model can be classified in different types and criteria, depending on their ecology, genetics, and mode of action. Key-Messages: The use of animal models in NPPM awarded projects, namely in Pharmacology, illustrates their importance, need and benefit to improve scientific knowledge and create solutions. In the future, with the contribute of technology, it might be possible to refine the use of animal models in pharmacology studies.
从 1901 年到 2020 年，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖（NPPM）共表彰了来自不同国家的 222 位科学家的工作。在总计 222 位获奖者中，186 位在其项目中使用了动物模型，21 位与药理学直接相关的科学家和项目有关。在最近几年，遗传学是一个占主导地位的科学领域，而在 20 世纪初，大多数研究更与解剖学、细胞学和生理学有关。
在 144 个 NPPM 项目中使用了哺乳动物模型，其中啮齿动物是最常用的物种。此外，92 位研究人员在其工作中包括了家畜物种。选择物种的标准、使用的动物数量和实验方案一直存在争议，并且取决于研究的科学领域；然而，3R 原则可以应用于大多数科学领域。无论物种如何，动物模型都可以根据其生态、遗传和作用模式进行不同的分类和标准。关键信息：在 NPPM 获奖项目中使用动物模型，特别是在药理学领域，说明了它们对于提高科学知识和创造解决方案的重要性、必要性和益处。未来，随着技术的进步，有可能在药理学研究中更精细地使用动物模型。
