Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Center on Child Protection and Wellbeing, Universitas Indonesia (PUSKAPA), Depok, Indonesia.
Glob Public Health. 2021 Jun;16(6):815-819. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1921240.
Violence against children occurs in all countries, affecting children of all ages, genders, race and socio-economic strata. A multiplicity of factors contributes to children's experience of violence. Social and gender norms can act as risk and protective factors exposing children to violence or preventing them from having well-being and healthy development. This Special Symposium was conceived of during the first International Viable and Operable Ideas for Child Equality (VOICE) Conference in 2018 in Bali, Indonesia. The four manuscripts in this Special Symposium illustrate with evidence the importance of social norms to preventing violence against children and the importance of understanding norms in context. The authors find that understanding how geographic location, social cohesion, group roles and identities, age and gendered expectations inform whether, when and which children experience violence, who perpetrates it, and how individuals and communities respond to it. The global COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated how rapidly behaviours can shift towards caregiving and health, as well as against it. If we are to prevent violence against children, and ensure the safety, well-being, and opportunity to thrive for all children, advancing our understanding of norms in relation to violence against children is critical to effective programming and learning.
儿童暴力在所有国家都存在，影响着所有年龄、性别、种族和社会经济阶层的儿童。多种因素导致儿童遭受暴力。社会和性别规范可以成为风险和保护因素，使儿童面临暴力，或防止他们享有福祉和健康发展。本次特别研讨会是在 2018 年印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行的第一届可行和可操作的儿童平等创意（VOICE）会议期间构思的。本特别研讨会中的四篇论文用证据说明了社会规范对于预防儿童暴力的重要性，以及在具体情境中理解规范的重要性。作者发现，了解地理位置、社会凝聚力、群体角色和身份、年龄和性别期望如何影响儿童是否、何时以及哪些儿童遭受暴力、谁是施暴者以及个人和社区如何应对暴力等问题。全球 COVID-19 大流行表明，行为可以迅速朝着关爱和健康的方向转变，也可以朝着相反的方向转变。如果我们要预防儿童暴力，确保所有儿童的安全、福祉和茁壮成长的机会，那么，增进我们对与儿童暴力有关的规范的理解对于有效的规划和学习至关重要。
