Population Health Department, Public Health Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg.
Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Jun;43:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.009. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
Respiratory Viruses infections (RVI) such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, and adenovirus affect the respiratory and the immune systems. The role of nutrition in the respiratory and immune systems has been studied in some studies, and its importance is undeniable. In addition, one of the key findings in this disease is high inflammation that affects almost all patients. This systematic narrative review aims to answer the question, "Can an anti-inflammatory diet be effective in preventing or treating viral respiratory diseases?" A systematic review search was used for the articles extraction. All studies published in English from 1999 to 2020 investigating dietary inflammatory conditions and RVI were included. Food items with anti-inflammatory properties were selected based on the definition of the dietary inflammatory index (DII). We used Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, ProQuest, EBSCO, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases for extracting articles. Keywords were restricted by DII. Based on DII, food items/nutrients are involved in inflammation, some of which have anti-inflammatory and some inflammatory properties. Some foods/nutrients, in addition to their anti-inflammatory properties, have antioxidant, antiviral, and immune-enhancing properties. Considering the immune system's involvement, increased inflammation, and involvement of the pulmonary system in RVI and the remarkable role of the anti-inflammatory foods for counteracting them, it is recommended to use a predominantly anti-inflammatory diet along with prevention/control and treatment protocols. An anti-inflammatory diet (based on DII) includes turmeric, ginger, garlic, onions, saffron, dietary vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and omega-3 are recommended to reduce infection symptoms and duration.
呼吸道病毒感染（RVI），如鼻病毒、冠状病毒、流感病毒和腺病毒，会影响呼吸系统和免疫系统。一些研究已经探讨了营养在呼吸系统和免疫系统中的作用，其重要性不可否认。此外，这种疾病的一个关键发现是炎症反应强烈，几乎影响所有患者。本系统叙述性综述旨在回答以下问题：“抗炎饮食是否可有效预防或治疗病毒性呼吸道疾病？” 我们采用系统综述检索方法提取文章。纳入了所有 1999 年至 2020 年发表的、以调查饮食炎症状况与 RVI 之间关系为目的的英文研究。根据饮食炎症指数（DII）的定义，选择具有抗炎特性的食物。我们使用 Google Scholar、Pub Med、Scopus、Web of Science、Springer、Science Direct、Directory of Open Access Journals、Elsevier、Taylor and Francis、ProQuest、EBSCO、MEDLINE 和 SciELO 数据库提取文章。关键词受限于 DII。根据 DII，食物/营养素参与炎症反应，其中一些具有抗炎特性，而另一些则具有促炎特性。一些食物/营养素除了具有抗炎特性外，还具有抗氧化、抗病毒和增强免疫的特性。鉴于免疫系统的参与、炎症的增加以及 RVI 涉及肺部系统，以及抗炎食物在对抗它们方面的显著作用，建议在预防/控制和治疗方案中使用主要为抗炎的饮食。抗炎饮食（基于 DII）包括姜黄、生姜、大蒜、洋葱、藏红花、膳食维生素 C、维生素 D、锌和 ω-3，建议使用这些食物来减轻感染症状和持续时间。
