Vahid Farhad, Rahmani Wena, Davoodi Sayed Hossein, Bohn Torsten
Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
Nutrition Group, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 29;10:1148183. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1148183. eCollection 2023.
A low micronutrient intake has been reported to contribute to the double-burden of obesity, increasing the risk for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and mental disorders. This case-control study compared micronutrient intake profiles in overweight/obese vs. normal-weight individuals. We hypothesized that a low intake of certain micronutrients would increase the odds of being overweight/obese.
The case group ( = 812 adults) consisted of individuals with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m, and the control group ( = 793) had BMIs of 17.9-24.9 kg/m. A validated 124-item food frequency questionnaire was used to determine micronutrient-related dietary-quality, using the index of nutritional quality (INQ), calculated as the fraction of a micronutrient consumed vs. its dietary requirement. In addition, body surface area (BSA) was calculated according to the Mosteller formula.
The control group had significantly higher INQ-scores of vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and selenium compared to the case group. Furthermore, individuals with normal BSA (≤1.91 m for men; ≤1.71 m for women) had significantly higher INQ scores of vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to participants with high BSA. In multivariable adjustment regression models, INQs of vitamin C (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64-0.97; OR = 0.81, 95%CI, 0.68-0.97) and magnesium (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.47-0.99; OR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.52-0.97) were significantly associated with the odds of obesity/overweight (in both BMI and BSA categories).
The significant association between micronutrient levels of the diet, especially of vitamin C and magnesium, with both obesity criteria, emphasized the importance of certain micronutrients in the obesity/overweight causal network.
据报道，微量营养素摄入量低会导致肥胖的双重负担，增加患心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和精神障碍等慢性病的风险。这项病例对照研究比较了超重/肥胖个体与正常体重个体的微量营养素摄入情况。我们假设某些微量营养素的低摄入量会增加超重/肥胖的几率。
病例组（n = 812名成年人）由体重指数（BMI）≥25 kg/m²的个体组成，对照组（n = 793名）的BMI为17.9 - 24.9 kg/m²。使用经过验证的124项食物频率问卷，通过营养质量指数（INQ）来确定与微量营养素相关的饮食质量，INQ计算为摄入的微量营养素与其膳食需求量的比值。此外，根据莫斯特勒公式计算体表面积（BSA）。
与病例组相比，对照组维生素A、维生素C、钙、镁和硒的INQ得分显著更高。此外，与高BSA的参与者相比，正常BSA（男性≤1.91 m²；女性≤1.71 m²）的个体维生素C、钙、镁和锌的INQ得分显著更高。在多变量调整回归模型中，维生素C（OR = 0.79，95%CI：0.64 - 0.97；OR = 0.81,95%CI，0.68 - 0.97）和镁（OR = 0.69，95%CI：0.47 - 0.99；OR = 0.71，95%CI：0.52 - 0.97）的INQ与肥胖/超重几率（BMI和BSA类别均如此）显著相关。
饮食中微量营养素水平，尤其是维生素C和镁，与两种肥胖标准之间的显著关联，强调了某些微量营养素在肥胖/超重因果网络中的重要性。
