Motiño Alejandra, Saiz Jesús, Sánchez-Iglesias Iván, Salazar María, Barsotti Tiffany J, Goldsby Tamara L, Chopra Deepak, Mills Paul J
Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2021 May 6;12:658739. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658739. eCollection 2021.
Religion and spirituality (R/S) serve as coping mechanisms for circumstances that threaten people's psychological well-being. However, using R/S inappropriately to deal with difficulties and problems in daily life may include the practice of Spiritual Bypass (SB). SB refers to avoiding addressing emotional problems and trauma, rather than healing and learning from them. On the other hand, coping strategies may be determined by the cultural context. This study aims to describe the presence of SB in individuals who may have experienced stressful situations and to understand the influence of culture on SB by comparing SB in two culturally different groups. The sample consists of a total of 435 people, 262 of Honduran nationality and 173 of Spanish nationality. Both groups are approximately equivalent in age and gender. The degree of SB, stressful events, perception of social support and spiritual well-being are examined, respectively, through the Spiritual Bypass Scale, and specific items and subscales from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Wellbeing. The results showed a higher spiritual well-being and use of SB in the Honduran sample as compared to the Spanish sample, but similar social support and stressful events. Furthermore, some of the factors predicting SB were different between the two samples. While age and a greater number of R/S practices were important in both samples, for the Honduran sample the variables that best explained SB were being a Christian, having greater social support, fewer stressful events, and greater attendance at church or temple. For the Spanish sample, however, the variable that best explained SB was studying R/S texts. Therefore, SB must be understood within the culture in which it develops, since in different cultural contexts it appears to relate to differing factors. Thus, SB becomes a possible functional or dysfunctional coping strategy depending on the social context.
宗教与灵性（R/S）可作为应对威胁人们心理健康状况的机制。然而，在日常生活中不恰当地运用R/S来处理困难和问题可能包括精神逃避（SB）行为。精神逃避是指回避处理情感问题和创伤，而非从中治愈并学习。另一方面，应对策略可能由文化背景决定。本研究旨在描述可能经历过压力情境的个体中精神逃避的存在情况，并通过比较两个文化背景不同的群体中的精神逃避现象，来理解文化对精神逃避的影响。样本总共包括435人，其中262人是洪都拉斯国籍，173人是西班牙国籍。两组在年龄和性别上大致相当。分别通过精神逃避量表、社会再适应评定量表的特定项目和子量表、感知社会支持多维量表以及慢性病治疗功能评估 - 精神健康量表来考察精神逃避程度、压力事件、社会支持感知和精神健康状况。结果显示，与西班牙样本相比，洪都拉斯样本中的精神健康状况和精神逃避行为的发生率更高，但社会支持和压力事件情况相似。此外，两个样本中预测精神逃避的一些因素有所不同。虽然年龄和更多的宗教与灵性实践在两个样本中都很重要，但对于洪都拉斯样本，最能解释精神逃避的变量是身为基督教徒、有更多社会支持、压力事件较少以及更多地参加教堂或寺庙活动。然而，对于西班牙样本，最能解释精神逃避的变量是研读宗教与灵性文本。因此，必须在其产生的文化背景中理解精神逃避，因为在不同文化背景下，它似乎与不同因素相关联。这样一来，根据社会背景，精神逃避可能成为一种功能性或功能失调的应对策略。
