Zareian Bita, Wilson Jessica, LeMoult Joelle
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2021 May 7;12:660062. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660062. eCollection 2021.
Rumination has been linked to the onset and course of depression. Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that deficits controlling negative material in working memory underlie rumination. However, we do not know which component of cognitive control (inhibition, shifting, or updating) contributes most to rumination, and whether different components predict the more maladaptive (brooding) versus the more adaptive (reflection) forms of rumination. We aimed to advance theory and research by examining the contribution of different facets of cognitive control to the level and trajectory of brooding and reflection. At baseline, participants completed three cognitive tasks that assessed their inhibition, shifting, and updating biases, respectively. Next, using experience sampling methodology, participants rated their level of rumination and negative affect nine times during the 48 h after their most stressful exam. At each time point, higher levels of brooding, but not reflection, predicted higher levels of negative affect at the next time point. Furthermore, several facets of shifting and inhibition, but not updating, predicted brooding immediately after the exam and its trajectory of change over 48 h. Additionally, difficulty inhibiting neutral words predicted both brooding and reflection. These findings inform theoretical models describing the role of cognitive control in brooding and reflection.
反刍思维与抑郁症的发作及病程有关。理论模型和实证证据表明，工作记忆中控制负面信息的缺陷是反刍思维的基础。然而，我们并不清楚认知控制的哪个成分（抑制、转换或更新）对反刍思维的影响最大，以及不同成分是否能预测反刍思维中更适应不良的（沉思）与更具适应性的（反思）形式。我们旨在通过研究认知控制的不同方面对沉思和反思的水平及轨迹的影响来推进理论和研究。在基线时，参与者完成了三项认知任务，分别评估他们的抑制、转换和更新偏差。接下来，使用经验取样法，参与者在最紧张的考试后的48小时内对自己的反刍思维水平和负面情绪进行了九次评分。在每个时间点，较高水平的沉思而非反思，预测了下一个时间点更高水平的负面情绪。此外，转换和抑制的几个方面而非更新，预测了考试后立即出现的沉思及其在48小时内的变化轨迹。此外，抑制中性词的困难程度预测了沉思和反思。这些发现为描述认知控制在沉思和反思中作用的理论模型提供了依据。
