Campenhout Kristien Van, Chapelle Laurent, Deliens Tom, D'Hondt Eva, Clarys Peter
Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
J Hum Kinet. 2021 Mar 31;78:131-140. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0047. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Numerous studies have reported that athletes' pre-training/-game hydration status is of concern. Up to now, only two cohort studies have examined the effect of an intervention aimed at improving pretraining/-game hydration status; however, without including a control group. Therefore, the aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine whether and to what extent an individually tailored intervention focused on the benefits of being optimally hydrated before training or game would alter the hydration status of female soccer players. Two teams of young adult female soccer players were allocated to an intervention (n = 22; 19.8 ± 3.0 years) or a control group (n = 15; 22.8 ± 4.0 years). Players in the intervention group received an individually tailored intervention, based on Urine Specific Gravity (USG) measurements, which took place in between two training weeks. Before each training and match play, a urine sample was collected to determine players' hydration status. Mixed modelling was applied to assess within and between differences in hydration status over time. The pre-training/-game hydration status of the intervention group improved significantly, with players' mean USG-value decreasing from 1.013 ± 0.001 g/mL to 1.008 ± 0.002 g/mL (p = 0.005). In contrast, the mean USG-value in the control group increased significantly from 1.012 ± 0.002 g/mL to 1.016 ± 0.002 g/mL (p = 0.023), indicating a deterioration of their pre-training/-game hydration status. The individually tailored intervention did show a positive effect even though female soccer players in the present study were already reasonably well hydrated before the start of the intervention.
众多研究报告称，运动员训练前/比赛前的水合状态令人担忧。到目前为止，仅有两项队列研究考察了旨在改善训练前/比赛前水合状态的干预措施的效果；然而，这两项研究均未设置对照组。因此，本准实验研究的目的是检验一项针对训练或比赛前达到最佳水合状态的益处而进行的个性化干预措施是否会改变以及在多大程度上改变女子足球运动员的水合状态。两组年轻成年女子足球运动员被分配至干预组（n = 22；19.8 ± 3.0岁）或对照组（n = 15；22.8 ± 4.0岁）。干预组的运动员基于尿比重（USG）测量结果接受了个性化干预，尿比重测量在两个训练周之间进行。在每次训练和比赛前，收集尿液样本以确定运动员的水合状态。采用混合模型评估水合状态随时间的组内和组间差异。干预组训练前/比赛前的水合状态显著改善，运动员的平均USG值从1.013 ± 0.001 g/mL降至1.008 ± 0.002 g/mL（p = 0.005）。相比之下，对照组的平均USG值从1.012 ± 0.002 g/mL显著升至1.016 ± 0.002 g/mL（p = 0.023），表明其训练前/比赛前的水合状态恶化。尽管本研究中的女子足球运动员在干预开始前水合状态已经相当良好，但个性化干预措施仍显示出积极效果。
