Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Rev Med Virol. 2022 Jan;32(1):e2248. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2248. Epub 2021 May 24.
Initially, it was reported that coronavirus 2019 disease (Covid-19) affects respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological systems, but the oral, olfactory and integumentary systems are also involved. This review discusses various oral manifestations of Covid-19 reported in the literature along with possible underlying mechanisms. The reported manifestations include taste impairment, oral mucosal changes (petechiae, ulcers, plaque-like lesions, reactivation of herpes simplex virus 1(HSV1), geographical tongue and desquamative gingivitis) and dry mouth. The prominent location for mucosal lesions are tongue, palate and labial mucosa. The exact pathogenesis of these oral symptoms is not known. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptors are expressed in abundance on oral mucosa allowing severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to infect them. Gustatory impairment along with olfactory changes is now listed as a symptom of Covid-19 by the World Health Organization, but further research is needed to confirm a link between reported additional oral symptoms and Covid-19. Dental professionals may encounter individuals with Covid-19 and be called upon to identify various oral manifestations of this disease.
最初有报道称,2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)影响呼吸系统、胃肠道和神经系统,但口腔、嗅觉和皮肤系统也会受到影响。本综述讨论了文献中报道的 COVID-19 的各种口腔表现及其可能的潜在机制。报道的表现包括味觉障碍、口腔黏膜变化(瘀点、溃疡、斑块样病变、单纯疱疹病毒 1(HSV1)再激活、地图舌和剥脱性龈炎)和口干。黏膜病变的突出位置是舌、腭和唇黏膜。这些口腔症状的确切发病机制尚不清楚。血管紧张素转换酶 2(ACE2)细胞受体在口腔黏膜中大量表达,使严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)能够感染它们。味觉障碍和嗅觉改变现在已被世界卫生组织列为 COVID-19 的症状之一,但需要进一步研究来证实报告的其他口腔症状与 COVID-19 之间的联系。牙科专业人员可能会遇到 COVID-19 患者,并需要识别这种疾病的各种口腔表现。