Villaécija-Aguilar José Antonio, Struk Sylwia, Goormachtig Sofie, Gutjahr Caroline
Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.
Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent,, Belgium.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2309:129-142. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1429-7_11.
Growth and development of plant roots are highly dynamic and adaptable to environmental conditions. They are under the control of several plant hormone signaling pathways, and therefore root developmental responses can be used as bioassays to study the action of plant hormones and other small molecules. In this chapter, we present different procedures to measure root traits of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We explain methods for phenotypic analysis of lateral root development, primary root length, root skewing and straightness, and root hair density and length. We describe optimal growth conditions for Arabidopsis seedlings for reproducible root and root hair developmental outputs; and how to acquire images and measure the different traits using image analysis with relatively low-tech equipment. We provide guidelines for a semiautomatic image analysis of primary root length, root skewing, and root straightness in Fiji and a script to automate the calculation of root angle deviation from the vertical and root straightness. By including mutants defective in strigolactone (SL) or KAI2 ligand (KL) synthesis and/or signaling, these methods can be used as bioassays for different SLs or SL-like molecules. In addition, the techniques described here can be used for studying seedling root system architecture, root skewing, and root hair development in any context.
植物根系的生长和发育具有高度的动态性，并且能够适应环境条件。它们受多种植物激素信号通路的调控，因此根系发育反应可作为生物测定法，用于研究植物激素和其他小分子的作用。在本章中，我们介绍了测量模式植物拟南芥根系性状的不同方法。我们解释了侧根发育、主根长度、根的倾斜度和挺直度以及根毛密度和长度的表型分析方法。我们描述了拟南芥幼苗的最佳生长条件，以获得可重复的根系和根毛发育结果；以及如何使用相对简单的设备通过图像分析来获取图像并测量不同的性状。我们提供了在 Fiji 中对主根长度、根的倾斜度和挺直度进行半自动图像分析的指南，以及一个用于自动计算根与垂直方向的角度偏差和根挺直度的脚本。通过纳入在独脚金内酯（SL）或 KAI2 配体（KL）合成和/或信号传导方面存在缺陷的突变体，这些方法可作为不同 SL 或类 SL 分子的生物测定法。此外，这里描述的技术可用于在任何情况下研究幼苗根系结构、根的倾斜度和根毛发育。
