Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil; Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Universidade Rovuma, Niassa Branch, Mozambique.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2021 Oct;281:130754. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130754. Epub 2021 May 15.
Gastrointestinal waterborne diseases, continue to stand out among the most lethal diseases in developing countries, because of consuming contaminated water taken from unsafe sources. Advances made in recent decades in methods of solar water disinfection (SODIS) have shown that SODIS is an effective and inexpensive method of providing drinking water, capable of substantially reducing the prevalence and mortality of waterborne diseases. The increased impact of SODIS in communities lacking drinking water services depends on a successful upgrade from conventional SODIS (based on PET bottle reactors) in high flow continuous flow systems for solar water disinfection (CFSSWD). This review aimed to identify the main limitations of conventional SODIS that hinder its application as a large-scale drinking water supply strategy, and to propose ways to overcome these limitations (without making it economically inaccessible) based on the current frontier of advances technological. It was found that the successful development of the CFSSWD depends on overcoming the current limitations of conventional SODIS and the development of systems whose configurations allow combining the properties of solar pasteurization (SOPAS) and SODIS. Different improvements need to be made to the main components of the CFSSWD, such as increasing the performance of solar radiation collectors, photo and thermal reactors and heat exchangers. The integration of disinfection technologies based on photocatalytic and photothermal nanomaterials also needs to be achieved. The performance evaluation of the CFSSWD should be made considering resistant microorganisms, such as the environmental resistance structures of bacteria or protozoa (spores or (oo)cysts) as targets of disinfection approaches.
经水传播的胃肠道疾病仍然是发展中国家最致命的疾病之一，因为这些疾病是由于食用了不安全水源污染的水而引起的。在过去几十年中，太阳能水消毒（SODIS）方法取得了进展，表明 SODIS 是一种提供饮用水的有效且廉价的方法，能够大大降低水传播疾病的发病率和死亡率。在缺乏饮用水服务的社区中，SODIS 的影响增加取决于从传统 SODIS（基于 PET 瓶反应器）成功升级到太阳能水消毒（CFSSWD）的连续高流量系统。本综述旨在确定传统 SODIS 的主要限制因素，这些限制因素阻碍了其作为大规模饮用水供应策略的应用，并基于当前技术进步的前沿，提出克服这些限制因素的方法（而不使其在经济上无法实现）。研究发现，CFSSWD 的成功开发取决于克服传统 SODIS 的当前限制因素和开发允许结合太阳能巴氏消毒（SOPAS）和 SODIS 特性的系统。需要对 CFSSWD 的主要组件进行不同的改进，例如提高太阳能辐射收集器、光和热反应器以及热交换器的性能。还需要整合基于光催化和光热纳米材料的消毒技术。应考虑耐微生物，如细菌或原生动物的环境抗性结构（孢子或（oo）囊）作为消毒方法的目标，对 CFSSWD 的性能进行评估。
