Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Mod Trends Psychiatry. 2021;32:113-133. doi: 10.1159/000510423. Epub 2021 May 6.
The human gut microbiome plays a key role in host physiology in health and disease. There is a growing emphasis on the bidirectional interaction between various medications and the gut microbiome. Here, we will first review how drugs can affect microbiome composition and how the microbiome can alter the pharmacodynamics and potentially pharmacokinetics of psychotropic medications. We will take into consideration different classes of psychotropics, including antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, anticonvulsants/mood stabilisers, opioid analgesics, drugs of abuse, alcohol, nicotine, and xanthines. The varying effects of these widely used medications on microorganisms are becoming apparent from in vivo and in vitro studies. This has important implications for future drug discovery in psychiatry which will need to consider the host microbiome as a major potential target.
人类肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中的宿主生理学中起着关键作用。人们越来越重视各种药物与肠道微生物群之间的双向相互作用。在这里，我们将首先回顾药物如何影响微生物组的组成，以及微生物组如何改变精神药物的药效学和潜在药代动力学。我们将考虑不同类别的精神药物，包括抗精神病药、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗惊厥/情绪稳定剂、阿片类镇痛药、滥用药物、酒精、尼古丁和黄嘌呤。这些广泛使用的药物对微生物的不同影响，从体内和体外研究中已经明显显现出来。这对未来精神病学的药物发现具有重要意义，因为需要将宿主微生物群作为一个主要的潜在靶点。
