Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2255:87-95. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1162-3_9.
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes, including immune defense and cancer metastasis. In addition to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cytoplasmic granules containing digestive proteins, in recent years, neutrophils have been observed to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that consist of extracellular DNA associated with antimicrobial proteins, such as histones and myeloperoxidase. These NETs are increasingly being recognized as an important mechanism of neutrophil host defense and function. This chapter will summarize the current literature on the known processes of NET formation and describe in detail an immunofluorescence approach that can be employed to visualize and quantify NETs in vitro.
中性粒细胞是先天免疫细胞，在许多生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用，包括免疫防御和癌症转移。除了释放促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和含有消化蛋白的细胞质颗粒外，近年来观察到中性粒细胞释放由与抗菌蛋白（如组蛋白和髓过氧化物酶）相关的细胞外 DNA 组成的中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱（NETs）。这些 NETs 越来越被认为是中性粒细胞宿主防御和功能的重要机制。本章将总结目前关于已知 NET 形成过程的文献，并详细描述一种可用于体外可视化和定量 NETs 的免疫荧光方法。
