Mukhopadhyay Pradip, Pandit Kaushik, Ghosh Sujoy
Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
Honorary Scientific Officer, Department of Endocrinology. Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India.
The adrenal gland in conjunction with the pituitary gland is one of the major components of the endocrine system and regulates blood volume, blood pressure, serum electrolytes, and stress responses. Dysfunction of the adrenal glands may be related to diseases of the adrenal glands or pituitary gland. Adrenal disorders may present either due to structural or functional abnormalities. In the tropical countries, adrenal insufficiency is primarily due to adrenal infection by tuberculosis, adrenal mycosis infections, and adrenal hemorrhages. HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) related adrenal problems are also common. Adrenal dysfunction due to pituitary disorders still occur frequently in tropical region and include Sheehan’s syndrome, vasculotoxic snake bite, and thalassemia. Adrenal hormone excess typically occurs secondary to exogenous glucocorticoid use. Adrenal disorders that occur in the developed world occur with similar frequencies in tropical regions. For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG.
肾上腺与脑垂体共同构成内分泌系统的主要组成部分，调节血容量、血压、血清电解质及应激反应。肾上腺功能障碍可能与肾上腺或脑垂体疾病相关。肾上腺疾病可因结构或功能异常而出现。在热带国家，肾上腺功能不全主要由结核感染肾上腺、肾上腺霉菌感染及肾上腺出血所致。与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关的肾上腺问题也很常见。因垂体疾病导致的肾上腺功能障碍在热带地区仍频繁发生，包括席汉综合征、血管毒性蛇咬伤及地中海贫血。肾上腺激素过多通常继发于外源性糖皮质激素的使用。在发达国家出现的肾上腺疾病在热带地区也有相似的发病率。欲全面了解内分泌学的所有相关领域，请访问我们的免费在线网络文本，网址为WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG。
