Raghunathan Raju, Khalil Qasim, Mooty Mohamad
Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Case Rep Infect Dis. 2021 May 6;2021:9940393. doi: 10.1155/2021/9940393. eCollection 2021.
Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus that primarily causes chickenpox and can reactivate later in life. Chickenpox occurs mostly in children and is characterized by a typical generalized vesicular rash. Following the primary infection, VZV can remain latent and can reactivate decades later to produce Zoster, being more common in the elderly as well as immunosuppressed individuals. The diagnosis of both the primary and reactivation is mostly clinical from the typical rash. However, when presentations are atypical, it leads to diagnostic challenges. We report an unusual case of VZ reactivation in an immunocompetent young adult presenting without fever, zoster rash, or neuralgia. The diagnosis was established by a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on cerebrospinal fluid samples. The patient was treated with acyclovir and responded very well. The diagnosis of VZ meningitis is challenging in the absence of typical features of Zoster rash and requires a high index of suspicion.
水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)是一种人类疱疹病毒,主要引起水痘,并且在日后的生活中可能会重新激活。水痘大多发生在儿童身上,其特征是典型的全身性水疱疹。初次感染后,VZV可以保持潜伏状态,并可能在数十年后重新激活,引发带状疱疹,在老年人以及免疫功能低下的个体中更为常见。原发性感染和再激活的诊断大多基于典型皮疹进行临床诊断。然而,当表现不典型时,就会带来诊断挑战。我们报告了一例免疫功能正常的年轻成年人VZ再激活的不寻常病例,该患者没有发热、带状疱疹皮疹或神经痛。通过对脑脊液样本进行的聚合酶链反应(PCR)呈阳性来确诊。患者接受了阿昔洛韦治疗,反应良好。在没有带状疱疹皮疹典型特征的情况下,VZ脑膜炎的诊断具有挑战性,需要高度怀疑。