Gela Yibeltal Yismaw, Getu Ayechew Adera, Adane Aynishet, Ayal Bezawit Mulat, Akalu Yonas, Ambelu Adugnaw, Diress Mengistie, Yeshaw Yigizie
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2021 May 17;17:1483-1492. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S304543. eCollection 2021.
Cognitive impairment is one of the public health problems affecting 50 million people in the world. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at high risk to develop cognitive impairment which leads to poor quality of life, difficulty in adhering to medications, increased risk of mortality, and health resource utilization. However, there is no study done on the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients in Ethiopia.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospitals in 2020, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.
An institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospitals in 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using standard tools. Data were checked for its completeness and entered into Epi data version 3.0 then exported into STATA 14. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify associated factors of cognitive impairment among CKD patients, and variables having a p-value of ≤0.05 were declared as significant.
In this study, 116 CKD patients and 116 age, sex, and educational level matched controls were included with a response rate of 100%. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 49.1% [95% CI (40%, 58.3%)] among CKD patients and 28.4% [95% CI (20.9%, 37.5%)] among controls. Independent predictors of cognitive impairment among CKD patients were estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) <60mL/min/m [AOR=3.9, 95% CI (1.1-14.74)], proteinuria [AOR=6.0, 95% CI (1.83-20.3)], age greater than 65 years [AOR=4.0, 95% CI (1.12-14.64)], and educational level of grade 8 and less [AOR= 4.7, 95% CI (1.22 -18.47)].
The prevalence of cognitive impairment among CKD patients was higher than healthy controls. Cognitive impairment was higher among CKD patients with eGFR <60mL/min/m, proteinuria, educational level of grade 8 and less, and age greater than 65 years. Therefore, there is a need to have a regular evaluation and follow-up of CKD patients for cognitive impairment.
认知障碍是一个影响全球5000万人的公共卫生问题。慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者发生认知障碍的风险很高，这会导致生活质量下降、服药依从性差、死亡风险增加以及卫生资源利用增加。然而，埃塞俄比亚尚未有关于慢性肾脏病患者认知障碍患病率及其相关因素的研究。
本研究旨在评估2020年埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学综合专科医院和费莱格·希沃特转诊医院慢性肾脏病患者认知障碍的患病率及其相关因素。
2020年在贡德尔大学综合专科医院和费莱格·希沃特转诊医院开展了一项基于机构的比较横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术选取研究参与者。使用标准工具收集数据。检查数据的完整性并录入Epi data 3.0版本，然后导出到STATA 14。采用多变量逻辑回归分析确定CKD患者认知障碍的相关因素，p值≤0.05的变量被视为具有统计学意义。
本研究纳入了116例CKD患者以及116例年龄、性别和教育水平相匹配的对照，应答率为100%。CKD患者中认知障碍的患病率为49.1% [95%可信区间（40%，58.3%）]，对照组为28.4% [95%可信区间（20.9%，37.5%）]。CKD患者认知障碍的独立预测因素为估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）<60mL/min/m² [比值比（AOR）=3.9，95%可信区间（1.1 - 14.74）]、蛋白尿 [AOR=6.0，95%可信区间（1.83 - 20.3）]、年龄大于65岁 [AOR=4.0，95%可信区间（1.12 - 14.64）]以及教育水平为8年级及以下 [AOR=4.7，95%可信区间（1.22 - 18.47）]。
CKD患者中认知障碍的患病率高于健康对照组。eGFR<60mL/min/m²、有蛋白尿、教育水平为8年级及以下以及年龄大于65岁的CKD患者认知障碍发生率更高。因此，有必要对CKD患者进行认知障碍的定期评估和随访。
