Blanchard-Fields F, Irion J C
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-5501.
J Genet Psychol. 1988 Jun;149(2):141-51. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1988.10532148.
In this study, we examined coping from a developmental perspective, including its relation to age and social cognitive maturity. The 60 participants, who ranged from adolescents to mature adults, were given Lazarus' Ways of Coping Scale. This consists of both an emotion-focused and problem-focused coping score and two measures of social reasoning performance. Social reasoning was the best predictor of emotion-focused coping, above and beyond years of education and age. None of the developmental variables predicted problem-focused coping. Analyses examining the effect of perceived controllability of the stressful situation on coping demonstrated that it differentially mediated choice of coping strategy across age groups. Whereas older participants endorsed more problem-focused strategies in perceived controllable situations and emotion-focused strategies in perceived uncontrollable situations, adolescents endorsed emotion-focused and defensive coping styles, irrespective of perceived controllability. Implications for the study of development of coping styles in affectively salient contexts is discussed.
在本研究中，我们从发展的角度审视应对方式，包括其与年龄和社会认知成熟度的关系。60名参与者年龄跨度从青少年到成熟成年人，他们接受了拉扎勒斯应对方式量表的测试。该量表包括一个聚焦情绪的应对得分、一个聚焦问题的应对得分以及两项社会推理表现测量指标。社会推理是聚焦情绪应对的最佳预测指标，超越了受教育年限和年龄的影响。没有任何一个发展变量能够预测聚焦问题的应对方式。考察应激情境的可感知可控性对应对方式影响的分析表明，它在不同年龄组中差异介导了应对策略的选择。年龄较大的参与者在可感知可控的情境中更倾向于采用聚焦问题的策略，而在可感知不可控的情境中则倾向于采用聚焦情绪的策略；青少年则不论情境的可感知可控性如何，都倾向于采用聚焦情绪和防御性的应对方式。本文讨论了在情感突出情境中应对方式发展研究的意义。
