Chen Li-Nan, Liu Xiu-Chun, Sun Zhan-Xiang, Rong Chuan-Sheng, Zhou Yan-Qi, Shu Liang-Zuo
Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, Liaoning, China.
Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 May;32(5):1807-1815. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202105.023.
To get an optimal mode of irrigation and nitrogen supply for table grape production in North China, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation modes and N application rates on dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency of table grape. The irrigation modes included conventional drip irrigation (CDI, with sufficient irrigation), alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation (ADI, with 50% amount of the irrigation water of CDI) and fixed partial root-zone drip irrigation (FDI, with 50% amount of the irrigation water of CDI). The nitrogen application rates were set at 0.4 (N), 0.8 (N) and 1.2 (N) g·kg dry soil. The results showed that compared with CDI, ADI and FDI reduced new shoot pruning amount by 34.8% and 11.2%, respectively. New shoot pruning amount increased with increasing N application rates, being highest under CDIN. Dry matter accumulation of ADI was the highest, being 5.1% and 12.8% higher than CDI and FDI. Dry matter accumulation was higher under N and N than N. Compared with CDI and FDI, leaf to fruit ratio reduced but harvest index significantly increased in ADI, while those variables showed no significant difference among diffe-rent N application rates. The ratio of pruning amount to the biomass accumulated in the current year in ADIN was the lowest among the treatments. Compared with CDI and FDI, ADI increased grape fruit yield by 6.0% and 10.4%, respectively. Fruit yield was enhanced with increasing nitrogen application rates under the same irrigation condition, with the highest yield under the ADIN and ADIN. Water use efficiency (WUE) increased significantly in ADI compared with CDI and FDI, with the highest value being observed in ADI coupled with N or N. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) showed a trend of ADI＞CDI＞FDI. In addition, NUE decreased with increasing nitrogen supply level across the irrigation modes. In conclusion, ADIN could reduce the redundant growth of grape tree, promote the transfer of dry matter to fruit, which increased yield and use efficiency of both water and nitrogen, which is a suitable coupling water and nitrogen supply mode for grape production in northern China.
为了获得华北地区鲜食葡萄生产的最佳灌溉和氮素供应模式，进行了盆栽试验，以研究不同灌溉模式和施氮量对鲜食葡萄干物质积累与分配、产量、水分利用效率和氮素利用效率的影响。灌溉模式包括常规滴灌（CDI，充分灌溉）、交替隔根滴灌（ADI，灌溉水量为CDI的50%）和固定隔根滴灌（FDI，灌溉水量为CDI的50%）。施氮量设置为0.4（N）、0.8（N）和1.2（N）g·kg干土。结果表明，与CDI相比，ADI和FDI分别使新梢修剪量降低了34.8%和11.2%。新梢修剪量随施氮量增加而增加，在CDIN处理下最高。ADI的干物质积累量最高，分别比CDI和FDI高5.1%和12.8%。在N和N处理下的干物质积累量高于N处理。与CDI和FDI相比，ADI的叶果比降低，但收获指数显著增加，而这些变量在不同施氮量之间无显著差异。在各处理中，ADIN处理下当年修剪量与生物量积累的比值最低。与CDI和FDI相比，ADI使葡萄果实产量分别提高了6.0%和10.4%。在相同灌溉条件下，果实产量随施氮量增加而提高，在ADIN和ADIN处理下产量最高。与CDI和FDI相比，ADI的水分利用效率（WUE）显著提高，在ADI与N或N组合处理下的值最高。氮素利用效率（NUE）表现为ADI＞CDI＞FDI的趋势。此外，在所有灌溉模式下，NUE均随氮素供应水平的增加而降低。综上所述，ADIN可以减少葡萄树的冗余生长，促进干物质向果实的转移，从而提高产量以及水分和氮素的利用效率，是华北地区葡萄生产适宜的水氮耦合供应模式。
