College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 27;17(3):781. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030781.
To determine the soil mechanism in root-zone caused by water saving and the production response to alternate drip irrigation (ADI), the present study investigated the effects of deficit ADI on tomato growth using the conventional surface drip irrigation (CDI) as a control. The interactions among the experimental treatments on root index, photosynthetic efficiency, biomass accumulation, yield, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were assessed and the inner mechanism of root-soil effecting on tomato growth, photosynthate distribution, yield and quality was discussed. ADI significantly enhanced root-soil interaction, promoted soil nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by tomato and tomato growth. However, different soil moisture deficits significantly affected tomato photosynthate accumulation and distribution, as well as fruit quality. With irrigation amount of 50% field capacity (F), ADI significantly increased soluble sugar, total soluble solid and lycopene by 38.08%, 19.48% and 30.05%, respectively, compared to those of CDI, but decreased irrigation amounts by 29.86% in comparison with the CDI one. ADI of 70% F could significantly distribute more photosynthate to fruits, thus enhanced tomato yields by 24.6% and improved IWUE by 17.05% compared to that of CDI. In addition, ADI of 70% F improved tomato fruits quality, and in particular organic acid was decreased by 43.75% and sugar-acid ratio was increased by 97% compared to CDI. However, ADI of 60% F distributed more photosynthate to plant, showing no significant difference of yields in comparison with CDI and ADI of 70% F, but a higher IWUE by 19.54% than that of CDI. ADI of 60% F significantly enhanced soluble sugar, total soluble solid, soluble protein, lycopene and sugar-acid ratio in tomato fruits by 2.06, 1.26, 1.61, 1.4 and 3.2 times respectively compared to CDI. Therefore, ADI of 60% or 70% F can be overall recommended for tomato production in a greenhouse, plant growth, fruit yield and quality, and IWUE.
为了确定节水条件下根区的土壤机制以及对交替滴灌（ADI）的生产响应，本研究以常规地表滴灌（CDI）为对照，研究了亏缺 ADI 对番茄生长的影响。评估了实验处理对根系指数、光合效率、生物量积累、产量、果实品质和灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）的相互作用，并讨论了根-土相互作用影响番茄生长、光合产物分配、产量和品质的内在机制。ADI 显著增强了根-土相互作用，促进了番茄对土壤氮磷的吸收和番茄生长。然而，不同的土壤水分亏缺显著影响了番茄光合产物的积累和分配，以及果实品质。在田间持水量的 50%（F）灌溉量下，与 CDI 相比，ADI 分别显著增加了 38.08%、19.48%和 30.05%的可溶性糖、总可溶性固形物和番茄红素，但与 CDI 相比，灌溉量减少了 29.86%。70%F 的 ADI 可以显著将更多的光合产物分配到果实中，与 CDI 相比，番茄产量提高了 24.6%，IWUE 提高了 17.05%。此外，70%F 的 ADI 提高了番茄果实的品质，特别是有机酸降低了 43.75%，糖酸比提高了 97%，与 CDI 相比。然而，60%F 的 ADI 将更多的光合产物分配到植物中，与 CDI 和 70%F 的 ADI 相比，产量没有显著差异，但 IWUE 提高了 19.54%。60%F 的 ADI 显著提高了番茄果实中的可溶性糖、总可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、番茄红素和糖酸比，分别比 CDI 提高了 2.06、1.26、1.61、1.4 和 3.2 倍。因此，60%或 70%F 的 ADI 可全面推荐用于温室番茄生产，以促进植物生长、提高果实产量和品质以及提高 IWUE。
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