Liu Rui, Zhu Peng-Fei, Wang Yao-Sheng, Chen Zhen, Zhu Ji-Rong, Shu Liang-Zuo, Zhang Wen-Ju
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary and Conservation, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource and Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Oct 13;12:722459. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722459. eCollection 2021.
The efficient utilization of irrigation water and nitrogen is of great importance for sustainable agricultural production. Alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation (APRD) is an innovative water-saving drip irrigation technology. However, the coupling effects of water and nitrogen (N) supply under APRD on crop growth, water and N use efficiency, as well as the utilization and fate of residual nitrates accumulated in the soil profile are not clear. A simulated soil column experiment where 30-40 cm soil layer was NO-labeled as residual nitrate was conducted to investigate the coupling effects of different water [sufficient irrigation (W), two-thirds of the W(W)] and N [high level (N), 50% of N (N)] supplies under different irrigation modes [conventional irrigation (C), APRD (A)] on tomato growth, irrigation water (IWUE) and N use efficiencies (NUE), and the fate of residual N. The results showed that, compared with CWN, AWN promoted root growth and nitrogen absorption, and increased tomato yield, while the N absorption and yield did not vary significantly in AWN. The N absorption in AWN decreased by 16.1%, while the tomato yield decreased by only 8.8% compared with CWN. The highest IWUE appeared in AWN, whereas the highest NUE was observed in AWN, with no significant difference in NUE between AWN and CWN at the same N supply level. The N accumulation peak layer was almost the same as the originally labeled layer under APRD, whereas it moved 10-20 cm downwards under CWN. The amount of N accumulated in the 0-40 cm layer increased with the decreasing irrigation water and nitrogen supply, with an increase of 82.9-141.1% in APRD compared with that in CWN. The utilization of the N labeled soil profile by the tomato plants increased by 9-20.5%, whereas the loss rate of N from the plant-soil column system decreased by 21.3-50.1% in APRD compared with the CWN treatment. Thus, APRD has great potential in saving irrigation water, facilitating water use while reducing the loss of residual nitrate accumulated in the soil profile, but has no significant effect on the NUE absorbed.
灌溉水和氮的高效利用对农业可持续生产至关重要。交替隔沟交替滴灌（APRD）是一种创新的节水滴灌技术。然而，APRD 条件下水分和氮素供应对作物生长、水分和氮素利用效率以及土壤剖面中累积的残留硝酸盐的利用和归宿的耦合效应尚不清楚。进行了一项模拟土柱试验，将 30 - 40 cm 土层标记为残留硝酸盐，以研究不同灌溉模式[常规灌溉（C）、APRD（A）]下不同水分[充分灌溉（W）、W 的三分之二（W）]和氮素[高氮水平（N）、N 的 50%（N）]供应对番茄生长、灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）和氮素利用效率（NUE）以及残留氮归宿的耦合效应。结果表明，与 CWN 相比，AWN 促进了根系生长和氮素吸收，提高了番茄产量，而 AWN 中的氮素吸收和产量变化不显著。与 CWN 相比，AWN 中的氮素吸收降低了 16.1%，而番茄产量仅降低了 8.8%。最高的 IWUE 出现在 AWN 中，而最高的 NUE 出现在 AWN 中，在相同氮素供应水平下，AWN 和 CWN 的 NUE 无显著差异。在 APRD 条件下，氮素累积峰值层与最初标记层几乎相同，而在 CWN 条件下则向下移动了 10 - 20 cm。0 - 40 cm 土层中累积的氮素量随着灌溉水和氮素供应的减少而增加，与 CWN 相比，APRD 增加了 82.9 - 141.1%。与 CWN 处理相比，番茄植株对标记土柱剖面中氮素的利用率在 APRD 中提高了 9 - 20.5%，而植物 - 土柱系统中氮素的损失率降低了 21.3 - 50.1%。因此，APRD 在节约灌溉用水、促进水分利用同时减少土壤剖面中累积的残留硝酸盐损失方面具有巨大潜力，但对吸收的氮素利用效率没有显著影响。
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