Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal.
PLoS One. 2021 May 27;16(5):e0251982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251982. eCollection 2021.
To understand healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions of nurses' potential or ideal roles in pharmaceutical care (PC).
Qualitative study conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews.
Between December 2018 and October 2019, interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals of 14 European countries in four healthcare settings: hospitals, community care, mental health and long-term residential care.
In each country, pharmacists, physicians and nurses in each of the four settings were interviewed. Participants were selected on the basis that they were key informants with broad knowledge and experience of PC.
All interviews were conducted face to face. Each country conducted an initial thematic analysis. Consensus was reached through a face-to-face discussion of all 14 national leads.
340 interviews were completed. Several tasks were described within four potential nursing responsibilities, that came up as the analysis themes, being: 1) monitoring therapeutic/adverse effects of medicines, 2) monitoring medicines adherence, 3) decision making on medicines, including prescribing 4) providing patient education/information. Nurses' autonomy varied across Europe, from none to limited to a few tasks and emergencies to a broad range of tasks and responsibilities. Intended level of autonomy depended on medicine types and level of education. Some changes are needed before nursing roles can be optimised and implemented in practice. Lack of time, shortage of nurses, absence of legal frameworks and limited education and knowledge are main threats to European nurses actualising their ideal role in PC.
European nurses have an active role in PC. Respondents reported positive impacts on care quality and patient outcomes when nurses assumed PC responsibilities. Healthcare professionals expect nurses to report observations and assessments. This key patient information should be shared and addressed by the interprofessional team. The study evidences the need of a unique and consensus-based PC framework across Europe.
了解医疗保健专业人员对护士在药物治疗（PC）中潜在或理想角色的体验和看法。
通过半结构化深入访谈进行的定性研究。
2018 年 12 月至 2019 年 10 月，在四个医疗保健环境（医院、社区护理、精神卫生和长期居住护理）中，对来自 14 个欧洲国家的医疗保健专业人员进行了访谈。
在每个国家，从四个环境中的药剂师、医生和护士中选取了具有广泛知识和 PC 经验的关键信息者进行访谈。
所有访谈均面对面进行。每个国家都进行了初步的主题分析。通过所有 14 个国家负责人的面对面讨论，达成了共识。
完成了 340 次访谈。在分析主题中描述了四项潜在护理职责中的几个任务，分别是：1）监测药物治疗/不良反应，2）监测药物依从性，3）药品决策，包括开处方，4）提供患者教育/信息。欧洲各地的护士自主权各不相同，从无到有限到仅承担少数任务和紧急情况，到广泛的任务和责任。预期的自主权水平取决于药物类型和教育水平。在实践中优化和实施护理角色之前，需要进行一些更改。缺乏时间、护士短缺、缺乏法律框架以及有限的教育和知识是欧洲护士在 PC 中实现理想角色的主要威胁。
欧洲护士在 PC 中发挥着积极的作用。受访者报告说，当护士承担 PC 责任时，护理质量和患者结果会有积极的影响。医疗保健专业人员期望护士报告观察和评估结果。这些关键的患者信息应与跨专业团队共享和解决。该研究证明了在整个欧洲需要一个独特且基于共识的 PC 框架。
