Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Guanghua School of Stomatology, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
J Leukoc Biol. 2021 Sep;110(3):565-576. doi: 10.1002/JLB.4MR0421-750R. Epub 2021 May 27.
Periodontitis is characterized by the periodontium's pathologic destruction due to the host's overwhelmed inflammation to the dental plaque. The bacterial infections and subsequent host immune responses have shaped a distinct microenvironment, which generally affects resident periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that impaired PDLSCs may also contribute to the disturbance of periodontal homeostasis. The putative vicious circle underlying the interesting "positive feedback" of PDLSCs in the periodontitis niche remains a hot research topic, whereas the inseparable interactions between resident PDLSCs and the periodontitis niche are still not fully understood. This review provides a microscopic view on the periodontitis progression, especially the quick but delicate immune responses to oral dysbacterial infections. We also summarize the interesting crosstalk of the resident PDLSCs with their surrounding periodontitis niche and potential mechanisms. Particularly, the microenvironment reduces the osteogenic properties of resident PDLSCs, which are closely related to their reparative activity. Reciprocally, these impaired PDLSCs may disrupt the microenvironment by aggravating the host immune responses, promoting aberrant angiogenesis, and facilitating the osteoclastic activity. We further recommend that more in-depth studies are required to elucidate the interactions of PDLSCs with the periodontal microenvironment and provide novel interventions for periodontitis.
牙周炎的特征是牙周组织因宿主对牙菌斑的炎症反应过度而发生病理性破坏。细菌感染和随后的宿主免疫反应塑造了一个独特的微环境，通常会影响常驻牙周韧带干细胞（PDLSCs）。有趣的是，最近的研究表明，受损的 PDLSCs 也可能导致牙周稳态的紊乱。牙周炎微环境中 PDLSCs 这种有趣的“正反馈”背后的假设恶性循环仍然是一个热门研究课题，而常驻 PDLSCs 与牙周炎微环境之间不可分割的相互作用仍未被充分理解。本综述从微观角度探讨了牙周炎的进展，特别是对口腔细菌失调感染的快速但微妙的免疫反应。我们还总结了常驻 PDLSCs 与其周围牙周炎微环境之间有趣的串扰及其潜在机制。特别是，微环境降低了常驻 PDLSCs 的成骨特性，这与其修复活性密切相关。反过来，这些受损的 PDLSCs 可能通过加重宿主免疫反应、促进异常血管生成和促进破骨细胞活性来破坏微环境。我们进一步建议，需要进行更深入的研究来阐明 PDLSCs 与牙周微环境的相互作用，并为牙周炎提供新的干预措施。
