Department of Physics, Edo State University Uzairue, PMB 04, Auchi, 312101, Edo State, Nigeria.
Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan; Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Sep 1;293:112872. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112872. Epub 2021 May 24.
The issue of environmental pollution has been recognized as a typical example of an anthropogenic activity that constitutes a global challenge coupled with the influence of climate change. This has constituted several hazards which include bioaccumulation of toxic substances, pollution of the aquatic environment, and high rate of dilapidation of soil structure and texture, health hazards, high level of imbalance in the ecosystem and a high level of toxicity in humans and the environment. Despite the intervention of governments, industries, researchers and relevant stakeholders, these problems remain paramount in most regions. Therefore, given the aforementioned, it is essential to identify sustainable remediation techniques, innovative knowledge on remediation strategies and clean up techniques that could help in the mitigation of all these highlighted challenges. Moreover, several studies have revealed the deleterious influence of petroleum or oil spillages resulting in irreparable environmental dilapidation and other potential hazards to human health, agriculture, climate system, and the ecosystem in general. From the systematic analysis of the evidence-based, meta-data-based review and other reviewed literature, it is noticeable that there is scant holistic review study that will incorporate all these aforementioned environmental implications resulting from the activities of petroleum resources in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria (NDRN) in just a single study. In the interim, it is alleged that there is hardly a permanent and tangible solution to these petroleum spillage issues and their impacts on the region; albeit, awareness will be fundamental for its mitigation. Hence, this review study will attempt to fill this gap by holistically reviewing the selected environmental implications of petroleum spillages in the NDRN drawn from 219 evidence and meta-data-based reviews and other articles. Furthermore, the relevant legal frameworks that could guild in protecting against environmental issues and petroleum spillages, are discussed in this study. In conclusion, the study cautiously provides a way forward by submitting that effective research and development measures ranging from public health assessments of petroleum contamination to an all-embracing application of bioremediation technology should frequently be carried out as a matter of urgency with resilient adaptation, mollification and management of these menaces.
环境污染问题已被公认为是一种典型的人为活动，它构成了全球性挑战，并受到气候变化的影响。这带来了多种危害，包括有毒物质的生物积累、水环境污染、土壤结构和质地的快速恶化、健康危害、生态系统严重失衡以及人类和环境的高毒性。尽管政府、工业界、研究人员和相关利益攸关方进行了干预，但这些问题在大多数地区仍然至关重要。因此，鉴于上述情况，必须确定可持续的修复技术、有关修复策略和清理技术的创新知识，以帮助缓解所有这些突出的挑战。此外，几项研究表明，石油或溢油对环境造成了不可挽回的破坏，以及对人类健康、农业、气候系统和整个生态系统的其他潜在危害。从基于证据的系统分析、基于元数据的综述和其他综述文献来看，值得注意的是，几乎没有一项综合研究将尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区（NDRN）石油资源活动所带来的所有上述环境影响纳入一项研究。在此期间，据称，这些溢油问题及其对该地区的影响几乎没有永久性和切实可行的解决方案；尽管如此，认识到这一点对于缓解问题至关重要。因此，本综述研究将试图通过综合审查来自 219 篇证据和基于元数据的综述以及其他文章的 NDRN 石油溢油的选定环境影响来填补这一空白。此外，本研究还讨论了可以指导防范环境问题和石油溢油的相关法律框架。总之，该研究谨慎地提出了一个前进的方向，即应经常采取有效的研究和开发措施，从石油污染的公共健康评估到全面应用生物修复技术，作为紧急事项，以具有弹性的适应、缓解和管理这些威胁。
