Pediatr Ann. 2021 May;50(5):e222-e226. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20210421-02. Epub 2021 May 1.
Since late 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in more than 143 million confirmed infections and more than 3 million deaths worldwide (as of publication time). In this article, we discuss current knowledge of immune responses that confer protection to more than 80% of the people who have been infected and possible mechanisms by which the virus escapes immune surveillance in people who develop severe disease and those who die from the disease. We also discuss the differences in the immune responses by which, in most children, the infection results in only mild disease, although causing severe disease in some adults. Understanding these differences in both the innate and adaptive immune responses among these people can lead to the development of biotherapeutic treatment modalities that could modulate immune responses to offer protection against SARS-CoV-2 and block the ability of the virus to cause severe disease or death in humans. .
自 2019 年末以来，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）感染已导致全球超过 1.43 亿例确诊感染和超过 300 万人死亡（截至出版时间）。在本文中，我们讨论了目前对免疫反应的认识，这种免疫反应使 80%以上的感染者得到保护，以及病毒在哪些方面逃脱了免疫监视，从而导致病情严重的患者和死亡患者的疾病。我们还讨论了在大多数儿童中，感染仅导致轻度疾病，而在某些成年人中却导致严重疾病的免疫反应差异。了解这些人群中先天和适应性免疫反应的差异，可以促使我们开发出生物治疗方法，从而调节免疫反应，提供针对 SARS-CoV-2 的保护，并阻止该病毒在人类中引发严重疾病或死亡的能力。
